这个清朝人竟发过Nature,震惊中外,成中国科技**人

2017-08-02 酷玩实验室 酷玩实验室

今天蛋蛋姐要跟大家讲一件事 大清亡了 这不是上个世纪的事儿了吗 然而今天要讲的这个人 和这个覆灭的封建王朝息息相关 他甚至被誉为中国科技第一人 为什么这么说呢 中国第一艘军舰 他造的 中国第一个科技学校 他建的 中国第一篇nature 他发的 连你背过的化学元素周期表 都是他翻译命名的 简直是从封建社会穿越出来的人啊 此人姓徐名寿,号雪村

今天蛋蛋姐要跟大家讲一件事

大清亡了

这不是上个世纪的事儿了吗

然而今天要讲的这个人

和这个覆灭的封建王朝息息相关

他甚至被誉为中国科技第一人


为什么这么说呢

中国第一艘军舰 他造的

中国第一个科技学校 他建的

中国第一篇nature 他发的

连你背过的化学元素周期表

都是他翻译命名的

简直是从封建社会穿越出来的人啊

此人姓寿,号雪村

1818年出生在江苏无锡

这孩子自小聪颖

不仅喜欢工艺制作

还诸子百家啥都看

常常发表一些独到见解

四邻五舍见了就夸

没想到的是

这个所有人眼中别人家的孩子

科考却失利了

连个秀才都没考上

不过

如果像范进他们用一辈子去科考

那他也就不是晚清科技第一人了

他是怎么想的呢:

尝一应童子试,以为无裨实用,弃去

翻译:八股文有个鬼用,老子不学了

在那个科考作为唯一上升通道的时代

他居然就那么硬生生放弃了科举做官

转而研究经世致用之学

四书五经泛滥

也没有很多可以看的书啊

同样看《诗经》《春秋》《汉书》等

别人看“所谓伊人,在水一方”,看故事

他居然看山川、物产、地理变迁

还有数学、天文历法、物理、音律、医学等

只要他觉得有用

就无所不看

为了检验自己的学习成果

他还根据书里面的原理

自制指南针、象限仪、自鸣钟等

自鸣钟,小鸟报时

这样一个精巧的钟放家里

简直就是一件艺术品呐

真正带他走上人生巅峰的却不是这些

而是他对乐器的研究

心灵手巧的他

会做好多种古代乐器

有一次

他在县城帮人修理七弦琴

作为一个博览群书之人

他手法美妙,谈吐优雅

人群中一双眼睛扫来

此人不是别人

正是清代举人华翼纶

他正在给儿子华蘅芳找玩伴

就是陪读陪玩陪上厕所咯

徐寿就跟着去了

他比华蘅芳大15岁

没想到的是

二人一见面就觉相见恨晚

在茫茫大清朝

终于有一个可以谈论科学技术的人了

二人立组CP

携手走天涯

寻找科学宝藏和同道中人

到上海的时候

一本书出现在了二人眼前

二人当即像着了魔一样

路都走不动了

这本书叫《博物新编》

是近代西方科技输入中国的第一本著作

物理、化学、天文、生物无所不包

对于科技水平落后西方几百年的大清朝

这感觉就像是

如今的我们开着宇宙飞船上班

穿越到了未来几百年啊

徐寿他们立马把书买回家去

翻来覆去地看

不仅看,他还照着书中原理做实物

大清朝哪有那么多工具呀

毕竟是能工巧匠

徐寿表示:没有我就自己做咯

验证光的折射和分色要用到三棱镜

没有,他就拿一个水晶图章磨出来

看到蒸汽机的图片要验证原理

没有,他就跑到洋人的轮船上看去

别人都忙着种地读书

徐寿却整天琢磨一些奇奇怪怪的东西

要知道那可是一个男耕女织的社会啊

大家眼里的徐寿是这样的:

这人有病,得治!

甚至连清朝大臣都知道了

然而徐寿却完全不为所动

你们该种地种地

该读书读书

我就是学习学习再学习

实验实验再实验

不做实验的学霸不是好科学家

他就这么成了一个远近闻名的学者

那时,正值鸦片战争失败

闭关锁国几百年的大清慌了

洋务派说:我们要师夷长技以制夷

要开工厂办学堂

要知道

官员们都是从八股文中脱颖而出的人

哪里有人懂西洋技术

这时

大家一致想到了徐寿

李鸿章、曾国藩、左宗棠、张之洞

都极度赏识这小子

他们一致说:

放着,让徐寿来

1861年

曾国藩开设了安庆内军械所

次年3月

徐寿、华蘅芳、徐寿儿子徐建寅等

进入军械所工作

当时

外国轮船在中国内河横冲直撞

十分嚣张跋扈

眼看着别人在太岁头上动土

大家却毫无办法

毕竟清军水师用的还是帆桨动力船啊

大家一致决定

先造蒸汽机

说起来容易

一无图纸、二无材料

简直是异想天开

没想到的是

徐寿就凭着《博物新编》上的图和简介

然后跑到洋人船上研究了一整天

回来就开造了

没有零件

我就自己一锉子一锉子做

3个月后

作为世界第一次工业革命象征的蒸汽机

居然被一个连秀才都没考上的人造好了

蒸汽机造好了

大家说,那咱还得有蒸汽轮船啊

外有洋人的坚船利炮,内有太平军

曾国藩立马拍板:造!

1864年

军械所从安庆搬到南京

在徐寿、华蘅芳这对CP的组织下

历时两年

中国海军的第一艘蒸汽动力船

——“黄鹄”号诞生了

长55巿尺,排水量45吨,时速12.8公里

这对于科技落后数百年的大清

可是历史性的一幕啊

《字林西报》等媒体

报道了这一普天同庆的时刻

曾国藩激动地说:

洋人之智巧,我中国人亦能为之!

同治帝钦赐牌匾:

上书:天下第一巧匠

作为一个在现代世界走了一圈的人

徐寿却面红耳赤

立马把牌匾拆了下来

心里想:

你们这群笨蛋,人家都开轮船半个世纪了,也不怕人家笑掉大牙

1866年底

李鸿章、曾国藩要在上海

建江南机器制造总局

蒸汽轮船一出

徐寿更是一战成名

被拉到上海负责襄办

对于这一中国军工业的新生儿

徐寿提出了四点建议:

一为译书

二为采煤炼铁

三为自造枪炮

四为操练轮船水师

曾国藩他们哪里想得了这么多

一言婉拒:

其轮船以外之事,勿遽推广言之

翻译:到底谁是老大,让你造船就造船,瞎操啥心

徐寿想:造就造啊

有啥了不起

在徐寿的带领下

不久后

我国近代第一艘军舰“惠吉号诞生

“惠吉号”兵轮示意图

接着

"操江"、"测海"、"澄庆"、"驭远"等

接连诞生

成为我国海军军工业的鼻祖

然而

徐寿这时心里却又打起了小算盘:

四条建议一条都不过

不让“译书”就是不行

不学习你们还想进步?

既然曾国藩那条路走不通

那我就换条路走

他找到江南制造局的冯骏光和沈宝靖

说:兄弟,咱先试试翻译几本

你们看看行不行再说,好不

不久之后

三本书翻译好了

这一翻不打紧

曾国藩像发现了新大陆一样

态度一百八十度大转弯

激动地说道:

给你建个译馆,专门搞这个吧

不久,江南制造总局翻译馆成立

徐寿任总管

他请来英国传教士傅兰雅、伟烈亚力

叫上铁哥们华蘅芳和儿子徐建寅等懂西学的人

一起翻译科技著作


他这一翻译就是17年

共翻译作品13部

其中西方近代化学著作6部63卷

《化学鉴原》《化学考质》《化学求数》等

把西方近代化学引入中国

为近代中国带来第一批化学教材


最重要的是化学元素周期表

那时的中国压根没有化学

化学元素、化学术语几乎都没有


从罗马音到汉字

徐寿花费了大量心血去翻译

还造出了很多新字

一直沿用至今


你是不是觉得很简单?

那么请看看日语的翻译

再看看他们的整张元素周期表

要把这样一张元素周期表背下来

心疼他们3秒钟

然后默默庆幸自己生在了大中华

日本元素周期表

安全度过初高中

我真要一辈子对徐寿心生感激

为了充分传播近代科学知识

徐寿和傅兰雅还去成立了个学校

1874年

上海格致书院成立

矿物、电务、测绘、工程、汽机、制造等专业

相继开设

格致书院


他们完全抛弃科举

自己出题考试

放在今天就相当于自己建了个学校

抛弃高考啊


为了让学校维持下去

他自掏腰包1000银元

作为当时被边缘化的科技人员

这可以购买100亩良田啊


后来

他又发动各界共筹款7700银元

让这所学校得以继续发展

流传至今


如今

这所学校已更名上海格致中学

成为上海市的重点中学

2010年

从这所学校出来的学生

有51%进入清华北大等中国Top10大学


与此同时

徐寿还筹办了我国第一份科技期刊

——《格致汇编》

他在期刊上发表了诸多文章


1881年

他的一篇文章《考证律吕说》

纠正了著名的伯努利定律

还登上了国际顶级期刊《Nature》

这是我国第一篇发表在《Nature》的文章

震惊了整个《Nature》编辑部


1884年

徐寿在他亲手创建的学校病逝了

但是他一手培养了自己的儿子徐建寅

替他完成未竟使命


而他的科技思想

他创办的学校

他翻译的化学元素周期表

直到今天我们还在受益

我知道

大清一百多年前就亡了

可这个人似乎是从现代穿越过去的人

我在想

如果他生在今天

他是不是会直接建一所没有高考的学校?

研究一下外星人和外太空?

我们的征途是星辰大海

也许只是还差一个从未来世界穿越回来的人

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    2018-04-22 liye789132251
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    2017-08-03 三生有幸9135

    学习一下谢谢分享

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1882330, encodeId=5d58188233057, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sun Apr 22 10:25:00 CST 2018, time=2018-04-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=229605, encodeId=abed229605ca, content=学习一下谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzaiabIFicf63hKvVMjL6aJlx4yX4UcXmzX9DyibCRcicq0QtCRWMaQKh8MYjE1D3EKUBopgiaGWYuqbeR/0, createdBy=0c2b1999806, createdName=三生有幸9135, createdTime=Thu Aug 03 15:31:53 CST 2017, time=2017-08-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=229516, encodeId=87d322951675, content=一定是穿越过去的人。这说明中国人在科学研究方便并不缺乏能人。社会文化土壤差一点, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4a982101740, createdName=t-kk_69308080, createdTime=Thu Aug 03 10:39:17 CST 2017, time=2017-08-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=229359, encodeId=6fee2293597f, content=学习学习学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzR8ylhYfiaoAUx2BsaYHVia1IKhG3Cg8CT84rBrn6iaVRkyAibJxBcLEXabOQ5p19vWgDe34ib5ErxNgx/0, createdBy=8a701629084, createdName=jihuaijun1112, createdTime=Thu Aug 03 00:02:26 CST 2017, time=2017-08-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=229319, encodeId=0f1422931929, content=厉害, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e5171668917, createdName=坚强007, createdTime=Wed Aug 02 21:34:16 CST 2017, time=2017-08-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=229222, encodeId=f47d22922226, content=henhao, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NcXNhUvfhzd2VdicMnaLeK2Im5gKx4Ucxd8Bwu6S7RG0uILBFQx5HTW2bU4VricDYlQqN20ibASSMYAeGrZrrTpy2Q/0, createdBy=7dcf1938111, createdName=1e0e5a1fm42(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Aug 02 15:53:19 CST 2017, time=2017-08-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=229194, encodeId=ca3222919428, content=大写的服,献上膝盖, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/07/28/9ff7b3af0067320fa835733a6e10d410.jpg, createdBy=78df2099638, createdName=1881f63af4m, createdTime=Wed Aug 02 14:21:24 CST 2017, time=2017-08-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=229173, encodeId=38502291e310, content=了解了解,学习学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=93f31631454, createdName=1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Aug 02 13:43:07 CST 2017, time=2017-08-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=229165, encodeId=3a832291652d, content=学习了,涨知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220115/46bcf39c32de4aa6b45c5f9d66c8ee77/6cb4a20c55bb4b7691122f47747bfca2.jpg, createdBy=9dad1662329, createdName=1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Aug 02 13:21:13 CST 2017, time=2017-08-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=229161, encodeId=25ce22916111, content=神人,膜拜, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2a751948147, createdName=1e10920am48(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Aug 02 12:43:24 CST 2017, time=2017-08-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-08-03 t-kk_69308080

    一定是穿越过去的人。这说明中国人在科学研究方便并不缺乏能人。社会文化土壤差一点

    0

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    2017-08-03 jihuaijun1112

    学习学习学习

    0

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    2017-08-02 坚强007

    厉害

    0

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    2017-08-02 1e0e5a1fm42(暂无匿称)

    henhao

    0

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    2017-08-02 1881f63af4m

    大写的服,献上膝盖

    0

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    2017-08-02 1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称)

    了解了解,学习学习

    0

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    2017-08-02 1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称)

    学习了,涨知识

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    2017-08-02 1e10920am48(暂无匿称)

    神人,膜拜

    0

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