SCI TRANSL MED:成骨不全症基因重大发现

2017-06-30 cailingrui MedSci原创

Joeng等人研究了成骨细胞中的Wnt1信号,并发现了Wnt1缺陷小鼠中可以有效改善骨骼质量降低的药物作用靶点。研究人员采用了被称作“摇动小鼠”(swaying mouse)作为实验材料,这种小鼠本身就带有Wnt1突变,再通过骨特异性Cre-Lox系统进行有条件的Wnt1敲除和过表达。Wnt1在晚期成骨细胞和骨细胞中的缺失会导致自发性骨折,成骨细胞活性降低,并导致骨质量下降。相比之下,体内/体外试

尽管外表看起来几乎没有任何变化,我们的骨骼本身是在不断重塑的。成骨细胞是一种嵌在矿化骨基质上的细胞,可以检测机械应力并与骨表面的细胞相通。表面细胞包括了可以生成骨骼的成骨细胞和重吸收骨骼的破骨细胞。这种严格可控系统的不平衡就会导致成骨不全,进而引发骨折的风险。一个极端的例子是成骨不全症,这是一种极为罕见的遗传病,患者可能在日常生活中稍不注意就骨折了。WNT1基因上的一个纯合功能缺失突变会导致严重的成骨不全症,同样在WNT1基因上的一个杂合突变会导致早发型骨质疏松症。WNT1基因在多个组织中表达,在骨细胞中的表达量相对较低。因此,WNT1基因如何控制骨骼质量的作用机制到目前为止尚未探明。 

Joeng等人研究了成骨细胞中的Wnt1信号,并发现了Wnt1缺陷小鼠中可以有效改善骨骼质量降低的药物作用靶点。研究人员采用了被称作“摇动小鼠”(swaying mouse)作为实验材料,这种小鼠本身就带有Wnt1突变,再通过骨特异性Cre-Lox系统进行有条件的Wnt1敲除和过表达。Wnt1在晚期成骨细胞和骨细胞中的缺失会导致自发性骨折,成骨细胞活性降低,并导致骨质量下降。相比之下,体内/体外试验中Wnt1的过表达都会导致成骨细胞活性增加,骨矿化程度增加。 另外,实验涉及到mTOR复合物I作为Wnt1诱导的成骨细胞分化和矿化的介质。所有这些数据都表明,骨细胞中Wnt1信号传导的缺失会导致成骨不全症的表型。

骨硬化蛋白是一种由骨细胞分泌的蛋白,它可以阻止WNT配体和它们的成骨细胞受体结合。对Wnt1缺陷的摇摆小鼠进行抗硬化蛋白抗体治疗,可以部分恢复骨骼矿化程度和骨骼强度,将自发性骨折率由90%降低到12.5%。

原始出处:
Ashley H. Shoemaker. Strengthening brittle bones. Science Translational Medicine. 28 Jun 2017:Vol. 9, Issue 396, eaan6730
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    2018-04-12 bsmagic9140
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    2017-07-02 zhaojie88
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