Radiology:你还在为肝肿瘤热消融术带来的疼痛所困扰吗?

2021-08-21 shaosai MedSci原创

现阶段,介入放射学已成为肝病治疗的基石。随着技术的进步,经皮肿瘤热消融技术已成为现阶段的一线治疗术式。然而,该术式会导致严重的手术疼痛,但以介入放射学为基础的治疗的激增并没有伴随着麻醉支持的增加。

现阶段,介入放射学已成为肝病治疗的基石。随着技术的进步,经皮肿瘤热消融技术已成为现阶段的一线治疗术式。然而,该术式会导致严重的手术疼痛,但以介入放射学为基础的治疗的激增并没有伴随着麻醉支持的增加。

肝脏手术中最常用的神经阻滞包括腹腔神经丛和椎旁神经阻滞。然而,由于技术的不熟悉和可能出现的严重并发症,放射科医生对该类技术的使用情况有限。肝神经系统由胸段T7-T10的交感神经、迷走神经的副交感神经支配以及右侧膈神经的混合躯体和自主神经支配。肝神经支配主要从腹腔神经丛通过肝神经丛到达肝门,神经于此处沿血管和胆管进入肝脏。

近日,发表在Radiology杂志的一项研究开发了一种安全且技术简单的肝脏特异性肝门神经阻滞技术,该技术可用于减轻接受肝脏消融术患者的疼痛以及减少静脉镇静的使用,为肝脏消融术在临床上更广泛的应用提供了技术支持。

本研究于2017年3月至2019年10月期间解剖了三具尸体以评估肝门的解剖结构。同时在US引导下,通过肝穿刺放置一根针靠近门静脉主干靶向肝门神经,并注射亚甲蓝进行评估。使用类似技术和 0.25%布比卡因为接受肝脏肿瘤消融术的患者进行肝神经阻滞。在本项研究中,通过对12名接受神经阻滞的患者与对照组在并发症、安全性、疼痛评分和术中阿片类药物需求方面进行了比较。学生t检验用于比较各组的特征,Mann-Whitney U 检验用于测量结果。

尸体结果证实,在肝门中的肝神经可以通过超声靶向注射麻醉剂,注射的亚甲蓝可在肝门血管周围间隙的神经周围充分扩散。肝脏热消融术前接受肝门阻滞的12名参与者(平均年龄±标准差,66岁± 13岁;8名男性)与对照组12名参与者(平均年龄,63岁± 15岁;8名男性)相比疼痛减轻。 接受神经阻滞的参与者疼痛的平均视觉模拟量表得分低于对照组(分别为3.9 ± 2.4和7.0 ± 2.8;P = .01)并且对术中芬太尼的需求减少(平均剂量,152 μg ± 78.0 vs 235.4 μg ± 58.2 ;P = .01)。肝门神经阻滞组未发生相关严重并发症。

 

图 甲醛防腐尸体解剖标本照片。CHA =肝总动脉,GDA =胃十二指肠动脉,HA =肝动脉,MPV =门静脉主干。(A)肝神经丛位于肝十二指肠韧带,沿肝固有动脉和门静脉主干进入肝门。(B)所示为针(箭头)经肝右叶的靶位置,针尖位于门静脉主干前、肝动脉旁、肝门部远端、胃十二指肠动脉和肝总动脉。

本研究结果表明,肝门神经阻滞是一项可行且安全的术式,可减轻患者在肝热消融过程中的疼痛,潜在地降低静脉阿片类药物诱导镇静的风险、降低成本并优化的患者的复苏,为消融术在临床上的广泛应用提供了强有力的技术支持。

原文出处:

Kevin S He,Rukshan Fernando,Tatiana Cabrera,et al.Hepatic Hilar Nerve Block for Hepatic Interventions: Anatomy, Technique, and Initial Clinical Experience in Thermal Ablation of Liver Tumors.DOI:10.1148/radiol.2021203410

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    2021-09-24 鸿毳沉舟

    学习了很多。

    0

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女,年龄11个月零4d,体重8.5kg,ASA分级Ⅲ级。心、肺及肾功能未见明显异常,以“左拇指周围见多余指;多余指近节指骨与第一掌骨形成关节”收住入院。

Reg Anesth Pain Med:隐神经阻滞在踝关节大手术后镇痛中的重要性:一项随机的,对照的,双盲的研究

踝关节大手术后常伴随严重的术后疼痛。目前坐骨神经阻滞在其术后镇痛中的重要性已经明确,而补充性隐神经阻滞的临床意义尚未通过前瞻性、随机、双盲、安慰剂对照研究中得以确定。本研究中假设隐神经阻滞能够减少踝关节大手术后伴随严重疼痛的患者比例。