新冠核酸检测试剂盒(RT-PCR)扩增效率比对及探讨

2022-02-17 检验之声 网络

实验室要在充分考虑实际说明书的建议下,一定要进行检测系统的性能验证,尤其是低浓度。

作者:同济大学附属东方医院胶州医院--王晓燕

新型冠状病毒肺炎诊疗方案(试行第8 版)明确提出将新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)核酸检测PCR法作为疑似病例诊断的金标准。目前,新型冠状病毒检测试剂种类很多,试剂的检测性能高低不一,试剂扩增效率的验证研究较少。

下面,我们就本实验室的四种核酸检测试剂盒,通过RT-PCR的CT均值,进行扩增效率的比对,并探讨其影响因素。

四种检测试剂主要组成成分

重庆中元

上海伯杰

上海之江

杭州迪安

四种检测试剂循环参数

重庆中元

上海伯杰

上海之江

杭州迪安

四种检测试剂盒及RT-PCR的CT均值

扩增比对结果

从上表看出,中元检测试剂对于ORF1ab和N序列的扩增CT均值最低,但其循环数也最少。另外三种试剂循环数相等,迪安对于ORF1ab和N序列的扩增CT均值最低,即扩增效率最高。

结果分析及影响因素探讨

2019年2月15日,CNAS-CL039《分子诊断检验程序性能验证指南》正式实施,文中对扩增效率验证进行了详细的量化描述,其判定标准为:样本和标准品的扩增效率均≥90%且≦110%。

《临床分子生物学检验》第3版介绍,聚合酶链反应受到扩增体系和扩增条件的影响[1]

①扩增体系:即参与PCR反应的成分,主要包括模板、引物、dNTP、TaqDNA聚合酶和缓冲液等。常规PCR的模板量仅需50-100ng左右,实时PCR则可降低至50ng以下,反应体系中较低量的模板有利于提高扩增产量和减少非特异性扩增。引物决定PCR扩增产物的特异性和长度,与PCR反应效果有十分密切的关系。脱氧核苷三磷酸(dNTP)即dATP、dCTP、dGTP、dTTP四种脱氧核苷三磷酸的混合物,反应体系4种核苷酸的含量必须一致,否则会增加反应时DNA聚合酶错配的概率。TaqDNA聚合酶缺乏3’-5’核酸外切酶活性,因此无校正功能,在复制新链的过程中会发生碱基错配,使PCR产物的序列噶生错误。错配碱基的数量受温度、Mg2+浓度和循环次数的影响,一般认为,TaqDNA聚合酶在每一次循环中产生的移码突变率为1/30000,碱基错配率为1/8000,因此扩增的目的基因片段越长,碱基错配的概率也越高。另外,反应体系的PH值(通常使用10-50mmol/L的Tris-HCL缓冲液)、盐的浓度等都会影响扩增的效率。

②扩增条件:即扩增的温度、时间、循环次数。退火温度取决于引物的Tm,是保证PCR扩增特异性的前提。PCR循环中每个步骤所需的时间取决于所扩增片段的长度。循环次数一般为20-45次,PCR扩增效率呈S形曲线状,平台出现的早晚与模板初始量有关,另外还与许多因素有关:如引物二聚体和反应亚产物(焦磷酸等)的产生抑制了扩增反应、反应体系中各组分的消耗和变性、引物和产物间的竞争(反应产物之间杂交,反应产物与模板的杂交甚至引物的杂交)等。

实验室要在充分考虑实际说明书的建议下,一定要进行检测系统的性能验证,尤其是低浓度。面对突发的新冠病毒疫情,不同厂家试剂质量参数难免会有各种不足,实验室根据实际工作需要选择合适的试剂,以满足急诊和常规核酸检测需求[2]

 

参考资料

[1] 吕建新,樊绮诗,《临床分子生物学检验》第3版

[2] 于河山,任峰,张艺凡,六种新型冠状病毒核酸检测试剂的性能评价及其与核酸提取试剂匹配性分析[J]中华检验医学杂志,2021,44(9):841-848

本文由检验之声原创,转载请注明出处。

 
 
 

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    2022-10-10 changfy
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    2022-12-13 tastas
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    2022-02-19 Tommy1950
  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2084010, encodeId=fbc020840109d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b2515e2345' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#RT-PCR#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15723, encryptionId=1b2515e2345, topicName=RT-PCR)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=32d177, createdName=changfy, createdTime=Mon Oct 10 19:11:52 CST 2022, time=2022-10-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1934667, encodeId=8cce193466e3d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=325762560c5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#检测试剂#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=62560, encryptionId=325762560c5, topicName=检测试剂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e572480, createdName=旅苦化文_208, createdTime=Thu Oct 27 16:11:52 CST 2022, time=2022-10-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1992635, encodeId=faf41992635a5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b9f562561a1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#检测试剂盒#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=62561, encryptionId=b9f562561a1, topicName=检测试剂盒)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=18b32500069, createdName=108807375_62823127, createdTime=Mon Mar 07 13:11:52 CST 2022, time=2022-03-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1997767, encodeId=0dcb199e767e5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=74816216e2e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#核酸检测试剂#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=62167, encryptionId=74816216e2e, topicName=核酸检测试剂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f54230, createdName=xlysu, createdTime=Wed Mar 02 18:11:52 CST 2022, time=2022-03-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1991105, encodeId=058b19911053c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=69bd91e371a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#试剂盒#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91737, encryptionId=69bd91e371a, topicName=试剂盒)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=47c5349, createdName=tastas, createdTime=Tue Dec 13 05:11:52 CST 2022, time=2022-12-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1419460, encodeId=f9441419460c4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e290138682e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PCR#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13868, encryptionId=e290138682e, topicName=PCR)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=9cc43496966, createdName=Tommy1950, createdTime=Sat Feb 19 02:11:52 CST 2022, time=2022-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1194548, encodeId=7cef119454852, content=好方向,期待有突破, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210127/50a003c4097845e182c08afd64d8a509/bd766dfebe9c40e0bca2dae964601bdc.jpg, createdBy=22de5454917, createdName=carrotlyl, createdTime=Thu Feb 17 19:42:16 CST 2022, time=2022-02-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-02-17 carrotlyl

    好方向,期待有突破

    0