J Neurosci:星形胶质细胞缺失或会抑制大脑神经发育

2015-10-12 佚名 生物谷

图片来源:medicalxpress.com近日,来自华盛顿大学的科学家通过研究发现,一类在大脑中含量丰富的支持细胞在神经元之间的交流能力上扮演着重要角色,相关研究为开发抵御自闭症、精神分裂症及其它神经精神疾病的新型策略或提供了新的思路。相关研究刊登于国际杂志Journal of Neuroscience上,研究者表示,在培养液中如果没有星形胶质细胞,神经元发送特殊信号的能力就会减弱,进而就会干扰


图片来源:medicalxpress.com

近日,来自华盛顿大学的科学家通过研究发现,一类在大脑中含量丰富的支持细胞在神经元之间的交流能力上扮演着重要角色,相关研究为开发抵御自闭症、精神分裂症及其它神经精神疾病的新型策略或提供了新的思路。

相关研究刊登于国际杂志Journal of Neuroscience上,研究者表示,在培养液中如果没有星形胶质细胞,神经元发送特殊信号的能力就会减弱,进而就会干扰神经元的发育,引发神经元之间交流出现问题,包括自闭症及精神分裂症的发生。文章第一作者Courtney Sobieski表示,本文研究表明,尽管神经元是很多研究都重点,但大脑中还包含有其它类型的细胞,对这些细胞进行研究也是非常重要的,星形胶质细胞是维持健康神经元发育的重要支持细胞,而如果没有星形胶质细胞,神经元之间的交流就会出现故障。

研究者表示,一种名为谷氨酸盐的神经递质在大脑中运输信息上扮演着重要角色,其在大脑90%的交流沟通中都是主要的神经递质,而且当移除星形胶质细胞后,谷氨酸盐信号就会减弱;Sobieski说道,我们在实验室中开发了一种方法,其可以在星形胶质细胞存在或不存在的情况下均生长出单一的神经元细胞,当没有星形胶质细胞时,神经元发送谷氨酸盐的能力就会减弱以及变得杂乱。

谷氨酸盐信号的减弱就会感染神经元的发育以及出现很多神经性问题,比如引发自闭症和精神分裂症的发生;和星形胶质细胞相关的谷氨酸盐信号的干扰和癫痫症发病直接相关,而癫痫症的主要特点为电信号被阻断。

最后研究者表示,后期还需要继续进行更多深入的研究,但超越神经元研究也显得更为重要,或许根本的问题和星形胶质细胞有关,因此扩大研究或许对于深入理解神经性疾病的发生机制会带来一定的思路和希望。
 

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    2016-02-14 siiner
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    2015-10-14 neurowu
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    2015-10-14 lsndxfj
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6月28日,Science杂志在线报道星形胶质细胞定位在神经突触产生和损伤修复中的重要功能。 星形胶质细胞,在中枢神经系统(CNS)最丰富的细胞群,是正常的神经功能所必需的。本研究表明,从胚胎发育的角度来看,星形胶质细胞按照它们在脑室区中的胚胎起源位点被分配到小鼠脊髓和大脑区域。这些区域保持稳定,在小鼠整个生命过程中都没有发生二次切线迁移的证据,甚至在急性中枢神经系统损伤后也保持稳定。 在腹侧

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加州大学Davis分校的研究团队发现,大脑的支持细胞在唐氏综合征中了起到了重要的作用。他们利用iPS技术将患者的皮肤细胞转变为星形胶质细胞,并由此建立了新的疾病模型。研究显示,一种便宜的抗生素能够校正唐氏综合征中的许多异常,相关论文发表在七月二十日的Nature Communications杂志上。 “我们开发了唐氏综合征的人类细胞模型,有助于进行疾病研究和新药筛选,”

PNAS:乳酸在提高记忆力中的作用

大家都知道,对于大脑如何正常工作,神经元是关键的。但事实证明,他们不是在此表演秀中唯一的明星。星形胶质细胞在记忆和学习中也起到了至关重要的作用。 研究揭示了星形胶质细胞产生乳酸,加速记忆过程。这样的发现是令人惊讶的,这开辟了治疗认知和记忆障碍以及精神疾病如抑郁症的新可能性。 我们的大脑是贪婪的,吞噬了每日机体能量消耗中的25%多能量。神经元和星形胶质细胞依赖于葡萄糖茁壮成长,神经元用葡萄糖