Cell:新发现!揭示 HIV选择休眠的秘密

2018-05-24 Flora 生物探索

艾滋病病毒很狡猾,它们会将遗传物质插入感染T细胞的DNA内,形成“病毒库”并以休眠的状态长期存在于患者体内。这些潜伏的病毒是抗艾滋的重中之重。近期,科学家们找到了决定HIV自身保持活跃或者休眠状态的分子机制。这有望带来新的治疗方案,促使病毒“永不苏醒”。

艾滋病病毒很狡猾,它们会将遗传物质插入感染T细胞的DNA内,形成“病毒库”并以休眠的状态长期存在于患者体内。这些潜伏的病毒是抗艾滋的重中之重。近期,科学家们找到了决定HIV自身保持活跃或者休眠状态的分子机制。这有望带来新的治疗方案,促使病毒“永不苏醒”。

相关研究以“A Post-Transcriptional Feedback Mechanism for Noise Suppression and Fate Stabilization”为题发表在《Cell》期刊。来自于Gladstone研究所的科学家们认为,借助这一最新发现的机制,HIV可以在活跃、休眠之间找到平衡,从而在不稳定的宿主环境内‘侵夺阵地’。

Gladstone研究所细胞回路中心的主任Leor S. Weinberger表示,这一研究或许还可以解释其他细胞的命运决策机制,例如干细胞(是继续维持干细胞特性还是分化成特定的细胞)。DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2018.04.005

1“病毒库”

HIV一旦入侵人体,就会将其遗传物质插入到宿主免疫细胞的DNA中,从而迫使宿主细胞完成病毒的复制。然而,一些藏匿的病毒并不会选择消灭宿主细胞,相反,它们会进入休眠状态。这一“病毒库”可以潜伏很长的时间。

目前的艾滋病治疗策略可以有效减少体内活跃病毒的数量,但是,却不擅长对抗潜伏的艾滋病毒。所以,一旦治疗停止,休眠的病毒极容易卷土重来。这也是艾滋病尚且不能治愈的关键原因之一。

在之前的研究中,Leor S. Weinberger团队发现,潜伏的HIV“并非偶然”,而是一种深思熟虑的“生存策略”。

这一策略对于病毒而言有“进化优势”,因为HIV最初进入人体的位置,并没有多少免疫细胞可供它入侵。如果此时病毒全部激活并消灭免疫细胞,就不会有剩余的免疫细胞用于继续感染

2HIV利用“基因表达噪声”

休眠的病毒库一旦进入有更多目标细胞的组织区域,会“苏醒”从而确保更大的存活机会和持续的感染。Leor S. Weinberger团队发现,HIV维持这一选择(活跃or休眠)依赖于细胞内一个正常现象——“基因表达的随机波动”(random fluctuations in gene expression,也称噪声)。

正是因为“噪声”的存在,两个遗传物质完全相同的细胞在同一蛋白表达上会出现量的不同。这一差异足以影响细胞的功能和命运。

HIV在宿主细胞内的表达机制属于“选择性连接”(alternative splicing),一种能够让HIV剪切遗传物质、并随机组合的机制。


图片来源:Cell

3低效的基因连接

在最新的研究中,研究人员观察了HIV感染的单个细胞。他们发现,病毒能够用一种选择性连接的方式控制基因表达的噪声,从而决定宿主细胞的命运——是处于活跃状态还是休眠状态。

而且,这一连接模式发生在转录后,且非常低效,以便HIV更好地控制保持活跃与否的决策。如果HIV连接机制效率增加,反而会产生更少的活性病毒。

研究人员认为,借助这一机制,提高HIV连接效率,就有机会将将HIV一直维持在休眠状态,从而遏制住病情。这将是对抗艾滋病的不同思路。

原始出处:
Hansen MMK, Wen WY, Ingerman E,et al.A Post-Transcriptional Feedback Mechanism for Noise Suppression and Fate Stabilization.Cell. 2018 May 4. pii: S0092-8674(18)30458-6. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.04.005. [Epub ahead of print]

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    2020-12-24 ms3000000402829240

    学习

    0

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    2019-03-27 yese
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    2019-01-07 维他命
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    2018-05-31 wxl882001

    学习一下

    0

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    2018-05-29 半夏微凉

    学习了谢谢分享

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    2018-05-26 1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称)

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