超声诊断剖宫产瘢痕妊娠合并宫内妊娠1例

2020-04-03 孙秋蕾 罗莉 颜苹 临床超声医学杂志

患者女,33岁,孕5产1,6年前因“继发不孕,双侧输卵管堵塞”行胚胎移植术,足月剖宫产双胎,因有再次生育需求,于外院行胚胎移植术。囊胚放置术后34 d

患者女,33岁,孕5产1,6年前因“继发不孕,双侧输卵管堵塞”行胚胎移植术,足月剖宫产双胎,因有再次生育需求,于外院行胚胎移植术。囊胚放置术后34 d,患者因“阴道少量出血3 d”来我院就诊。

经阴道超声检查:宫腔内可见两个孕囊(图1),一孕囊位于宫腔下段,大小22 mm×15 mm×12 mm,其内可见卵黄囊及胚芽,胚芽大小3.6 mm,未见胎心搏动,孕囊下缘部分位于子宫下段瘢痕处肌壁间,瘢痕处肌层变薄,最薄处2.5 mm,可探及丰富血流信号;另一孕囊位于宫腔上段,大小34 mm×25 mm×21 mm,其内可见卵黄囊及胚芽,胚芽大小10.2 mm,可见胎心搏动,孕囊周边见46 mm×33 mm×30 mm的不规则液性无回声区,考虑出血。超声提示:剖宫产瘢痕妊娠合并宫内妊娠。

 1585698776365392.png

图1 声像图示宫腔内见两个孕囊(GS1:孕囊1;GS2:孕囊2;CX:宫颈)

继续妊娠过程中患者持续阴道少量出血,囊胚放置术后95 d后因“阴道大量出血5 h”再次就诊,经腹部超声检查:宫腔内见胎儿,有胎心,超声孕周17+2 周,宫腔下段可见不均质回声包块,大小60 mm×58 mm×49 mm,形态不规则,与瘢痕处肌壁界限不清晰,包块周边可探及丰富血流信号(图2)。超声提示:双胎妊娠(一胎中孕,另一胎瘢痕妊娠流产)。因考虑继续妊娠阴道大量出血风险极大,建议患者终止妊娠,遂行子宫动脉栓塞术,随后行利凡诺羊膜腔穿刺引产术及超声引导下清宫术,术后子宫恢复正常。

 1585698797251059.png

图2 声像图示宫腔上段见成形胎儿,宫腔下段见包块(FH:胎头;M:包块;CX:宫颈)

讨论:

剖宫产后瘢痕妊娠合并宫内妊娠是一种罕见类型的妊娠。近年随着剖宫产率的升高及辅助生育技术的广泛应用,剖宫产瘢痕妊娠合并宫内妊娠的发生率逐渐增加。其在治疗或继续妊娠过程中易出现大出血或子宫破裂等严重并发症,因此需尽早确诊并采取适当的治疗方式。经阴道彩色多普勒超声是诊断早期剖宫产瘢痕妊娠合并宫内妊娠的首选方法,可以清楚显示宫腔内及瘢痕处同时存在的孕囊及囊内的卵黄囊及胚胎结构,还可显示宫腔下段的孕囊植入瘢痕处肌层的深度及瘢痕周边滋养孕囊的血供情况。

剖宫产瘢痕妊娠合并宫内妊娠需与正常宫内双绒毛膜双胎鉴别,前者一孕囊位于宫腔上段,另一孕囊位于宫腔下段,宫腔下段孕囊下缘部分位于瘢痕处肌壁间,并可见瘢痕周边滋养孕囊的血管,通常发生在通过辅助生育技术而受孕者;后者两个孕囊均位于宫腔中上段,孕囊下缘与剖宫产瘢痕有距离,孕囊滋养血管一般距剖宫产瘢痕较远。因此,在行剖宫产瘢痕子宫双胎妊娠超声检查时应仔细观察两个孕囊下缘与剖宫产瘢痕的距离,警惕剖宫产瘢痕妊娠合并宫内妊娠的发生。

原始出处:

孙秋蕾,罗莉,颜苹,陈正琼.超声诊断剖宫产瘢痕妊娠合并宫内妊娠1例[J].临床超声医学杂志,2019,21(01):74.

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回顾分析 2016 年 1 月至 2018 年 10 月在浙 江大学医学院附属妇产科医院行 TOLAC 的孕 28 周以上孕 妇 841 例,其中 6 例( 0.71%) 发生子宫破裂,分析 TOLAC 过 程中子宫破裂的高危因素及早期临床表现。本研究经患者 知情同意,并获医院伦理委员会批准。

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瘢痕子宫阴道试产子宫不全破裂6 例

回顾分析 2016 年 1 月至 2018 年 10 月在浙 江大学医学院附属妇产科医院行 TOLAC 的孕 28 周以上孕 妇 841 例,其中 6 例( 0.71%) 发生子宫破裂,分析 TOLAC 过 程中子宫破裂的高危因素及早期临床表现。本研究经患者 知情同意,并获医院伦理委员会批准。

石一复教授:重视各种瘢痕子宫的诊治

瘢痕子宫的定义应是当,或子宫内膜、肌层和浆膜,或子宫肌层和/或浆膜层,因子宫内膜和肌层因各种原造成创伤,日后形成瘢痕者称瘢痕子宫。  由上述定义瘢痕可分为:  一、瘢痕子宫的子宫壁组织结构的分类:1.子宫壁全层;2.子宫膜及近内膜的浅肌层或不同深浅的肌层;3.肌层及浆膜层;或浆膜和近浆膜的肌层受到损伤,日后形成瘢痕者均可称为瘢痕子宫。所以,瘢痕子宫的范围比较广。  二、瘢痕在子宫不同部位:子宫