JAMA:CKD-EPI方程肝算肾小球滤过率(GFR)能更好评估肾脏疾病风险

2012-05-19 范振光 生物通

    通过血液中的肾滤过指标来评估肾小球滤过率(GFR),是评价肾脏功能、诊断肾脏疾病和衡量肾病进程的标准方法。滤过率高说明肾脏功能健康,而滤过率低说明患有肾脏疾病。约翰?霍普金斯大学布隆博格公共卫生学院的研究人员发现,比起目前使用最广泛的方法,使用新的CKD-EPI方程估算GFR,能更好的评估肾脏疾病和死亡风险。研究发现用CKD-EPI方程估算GFR能更有效的关注重要因素,

    通过血液中的肾滤过指标来评估肾小球滤过率(GFR),是评价肾脏功能、诊断肾脏疾病和衡量肾病进程的标准方法。滤过率高说明肾脏功能健康,而滤过率低说明患有肾脏疾病。约翰•霍普金斯大学布隆博格公共卫生学院的研究人员发现,比起目前使用最广泛的方法,使用新的CKD-EPI方程估算GFR,能更好的评估肾脏疾病和死亡风险。研究发现用CKD-EPI方程估算GFR能更有效的关注重要因素,从而改善对患者未来风险和肾病治疗的评估。这项研究发表在5月9日的JAMA杂志上(JAMA. 2012 May 9;307(18):1941-51.)。
 
    通过病人的年龄、性别、种族和血清中肌酐serum creatinine水平来计算GFR,是一种衡量血液中产生的分子垃圾的方法。美国有超过92%的实验室在使用1999年提出的MDRD研究方程计算GFR。这项检测每年实施超过3亿。CKD-EPI方程也与MDRD 研究方程使用同样的数据来计算GFR。
 
    在这项研究中,GFR评分被分为六类,分别与不同时期的肾病相对应。GFR90以上说明肾脏功能健康,GFR15以下说明肾脏功能丧失应开始进行透析治疗。研究人员用这两种计算方式评估了超过100万研究对象的数据,来比较所得出的GFR。
 
    “我们发现新的CKD-EPI方程,在评估未来风险方面一直比旧MDRD研究方程好。这一点在死亡组和需要透析组是这样,并且包罗了大范围的研究和亚组。这一点,在死亡组、需要透析组以及其他各个类别中都得到了体现。”该研究的lead author,布隆博格学院传染病系的助理科学家Kunihiro Matsushita说。
 
    这项研究结果显示,约三分之一的轻/中度(GFR of 30-89)肾病患者通过CKD-EPI方程得到的分级,比通过MDRD方程得到的GFR分级高。同样的,在根据影响肾病风险的其他因素做出调整后,这个人群死亡或发展到末期肾病的风险要低1.3-2倍。在使用CKD-EPI方程时,只有少于0.7%的参与者被移到更低的GFR等级。
 
    “基于我们所能收集到的几乎全世界的肾脏功能数据,CKD-EPI方程发展了将近十年。令人欣慰的是,自从2009年该方程发表以来,已有不少研究确认它比MDRD研究方程能更好的评估肾脏功能。而我们现在终于有了决定性的证据,来说明CKD-EPI方程能进行更好的风险预期。”该研究的senior author 资深作者Tufts医学中心的肾脏学主任Andrew Levey说。
 
    这篇文章"Comparison of Risk Prediction Using the CKD-EPI Equation and the MDRD Study Equation for Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate"由慢性肾脏病预后联盟完成,该项目包括两百多名研究人员和来自40个国家的数据。
 
    该联盟的主要研究者,布隆博格学院传染病系教授Josef Coresh博士说,“令人影响深刻的是,在这么大范围且这么多类别的数据中,得出的结论都是如此一致。一个基于大范围综合性研究的强有力的结论在这一领域非常重要,这能大大缩短不同实验室使用不同方程出报告的过程,推广新公式的使用。”2011年美国只有4%的实验室转为使用这种新方程评估肾脏功能,不过其中包括美国两家最大的实验室,这应该会加速这个趋势。

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