含贝达奎宁的短期疗程方案治疗耐多药结核病的成本效益分析

2020-04-10 Allan MedSci原创

最近,世界卫生组织(WHO)建议用含贝达奎宁的方案代替标准短程方案(SCR)中的注射剂。

前言

2014年,根据世界卫生组织(WHO)的资料,全球新增48万患有耐异烟肼和利福平的耐多药结核病(MDR-TB)。在耐多药结核病病例中,9%具有广泛耐药结核病(XDR-TB)(对任何氟喹诺酮和任何二线可注射药物都有耐药性)。

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WHO:全球耐结核病例的百分比

https://journalistsresource.org/studies/society/public-health/multidrug-resistant-tuberculosis-research/

研究背景

在耐多药结核病(MDR-TB)的长期治疗中,含贝达奎宁的治疗方案已显示出比含注射剂的治疗方案更好的治疗效果。最近,世界卫生组织(WHO)建议用含贝达奎宁的方案代替标准短程方案(SCR)中的注射剂。南非“国家结核病规划”同样建议使用含贝达奎宁的治疗方案。在本篇文章中,来自南非的研究人员探究了含贝达奎宁的SCR与含注射剂的SCR在南非治疗MDR-TB的成本效益。

研究方法

采用马尔可夫模型(Markov Model)模拟活动性耐多药结核病患者的发病率。患者可能会经历8个疾病与健康状态:活跃的耐多药结核病、培养转化、治愈、失访、继发性耐多药结核病、广泛耐多药结核病、临终关怀和死亡。健康结果表示为残疾调整生命年(DALYs)。

注:伤残调整寿命年(disability adjusted life year,DALY)是指从发病到死亡所损失的全部健康寿命年,包括因早死所致的寿命损失年(YLL)和疾病所致伤残引起的健康寿命损失年(YLD)两部分。DALY是生命数量和生命质量以时间为单位的综合度量。

研究结果

在10年时间范围内,含贝达奎宁的SCR的使用率超越了含注射剂的SCR。

1)含贝达奎宁的SCR的总成本要低于含注射剂的SCR(597百万美元 vs. 657百万美元);对于不良事件的管理,含贝达奎宁的SCR的总成本要低于含注射剂的SCR(3.2百万美元 vs. 21.9百万美元)。在长期治疗多药耐药结核病(MDR-TB)中,含贝达奎宁的治疗方案已证明比含注射剂的治疗方案具有更好的疗效。

2)含有贝达奎宁的SCR可以将获得耐药性的患者累计数量减少19%。每预防1例TB病例可节省53,157美元。

3)相比于含注射剂的SCR,含贝达奎宁的SCR降低卫生系统成本和社会成本,节省6100万美元,每DALY可以节省982美元。

综合而言,含贝达奎宁的SCR可以节省卫生系统成本和社会成本。

研究意义及展望

用含贝达奎宁的SCR替代含注射剂的SCR具有成本效益,可节省经济成本,能够显著改善耐多药结核病的患者预后。这些发现表明,在耐多药结核病的治疗中,引入含贝达奎宁的SCR仍然是全球控制结核病工作的优先选择。

参考文献

Mpobela Agnarson A, Williams A, Kambili C, et al. The cost-effectiveness of a bedaquiline-containing short-course regimen for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in South Africa[J]. Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2020: 1-9.

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    2020-04-11 一天没事干

    很好的学习机会

    0

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长程MDR‑TB治疗方案是指至少由4种有效抗结核药物组成的18~20 个月的治疗方案,可为标准化或个体化。关于长程MDR‑TB治疗方案,共识主要涉及以下内容。

拓展阅读

贝达奎宁治疗耐多药和广泛耐药结核:安全有效

耐多药结核病是至少对异烟肼和利福平这两种最为有效的抗结核药物没有反应的结核病。造成耐多药问题持续出现并扩散的两个原因是结核病的治疗管理不善以及人际间传播。

贝达奎宁治疗耐多药结核病的美国经验

疟疾是严重危害人类健康的疾病之一,根据世界卫生组织(WHO)统计,每年全球发病人数达3~5亿,年平均死亡人数高达100~200万。

EUR RESPIR J:贝达奎宁治疗耐多药结核的长期​​有效性和安全性

结核病是一种经呼吸道传播的慢性传染病,在全球广泛流行。如果病人感染的结核分枝杆菌对一种或一种以上的抗结核药物产生了耐药性,即为耐药结核病。

LANCET RESP MED:贝达奎宁显著降低耐药结核病患者的死亡率

疟疾是严重危害人类健康的疾病之一,根据世界卫生组织(WHO)统计,每年全球发病人数达3~5亿,年平均死亡人数高达100~200万。