Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol:以不典型发热为表现的奥沙利铂高敏反应

2015-01-20 月下荷花 丁香园

奥沙利铂是第三代铂制剂,广泛用于FOLFOX方案,是转移性结直肠腺癌一线治疗方案,也是III期病人术后辅助化疗常用方案。铂类制剂能产生高敏反应(HSR),发生率10-23.8%,通常并不严重。 结直肠癌">结直肠癌中奥沙利铂HSR包括颜面潮热、烧灼感、虚弱、呕吐、水肿、眩晕、舌肿胀、呼吸困难、皮疹和寒战发热。HSR通常具有自限性(小于48小时),不表现为速发变态反应如气道痉挛、低血压、风疹

奥沙利铂是第三代铂制剂,广泛用于FOLFOX方案,是转移性结直肠腺癌一线治疗方案,也是III期病人术后辅助化疗常用方案。铂类制剂能产生高敏反应(HSR),发生率10-23.8%,通常并不严重。

结直肠癌">结直肠癌中奥沙利铂HSR包括颜面潮热、烧灼感、虚弱、呕吐、水肿、眩晕、舌肿胀、呼吸困难、皮疹和寒战发热。HSR通常具有自限性(小于48小时),不表现为速发变态反应如气道痉挛、低血压、风疹和血管性水肿,对退热药治疗反应欠佳。

与HSR有关的发热模式比较特殊,通常在奥沙利铂输入时或输入结束后短时间(几小时)内发生,常在多次(平均2-25)使用后出现。美国的Arushi Khurana医生在J Oncol Pharm Practice杂志上报告了一例奥沙利铂诱导的高敏反应,表现为发热,但与上述特征不符合。

一名70岁高加索男性,接受腹腔镜乙状结肠切除术,病理为T3N1M0 (III期),肿瘤5×5×1厘米,腺癌,分化好,20个淋巴结中有1个淋巴结累及,淋巴血管侵犯。接受含奥沙利铂方案化疗。

第一次奥沙利铂输入(85 mg/m2),病人出现恶心呕吐、极度脱水和接近晕厥,给予液体输注及止吐治疗。第二次输注时,输入后第2天出现40–40.5℃高热,并伴有寒战、恶心呕吐、头痛和虚弱等症状。因发热病人入院,寻找发热原因同时给予广谱抗菌素治疗。

病人既往史包括高胆固醇血症和便秘;手术史包括乙状结肠切除术、扁桃体切除术和输液管置入;无药物、食物、季节相关过敏史;无明显家族史;无吸烟饮酒史;无滥用药史。

入院第1-2天体温40–40.5℃,心率98–110次/分,血压106/56–110/60mmHg,呼吸18–22/min,氧饱合度94–96%,其它检查无特殊发现。有关感染的检查结果阴性,包括白细胞增高、血培养、胸片和尿检及培养。血培养48小时阴性时停用抗菌素,36小时发热自行缓解,出院。

第三次输注奥沙利铂后再次以同样症状就诊,同前次一样,发热在输注后第2天,48小时内缓解。第4、5周期治疗停用奥沙利铂,病人无发热,仍有恶心呕吐,对症处理缓解。因奥沙利铂是化疗方案重要组成,与病人讨论行脱敏治疗,但病人不愿再接受奥沙利铂治疗,继续完成9周期5-氟脲嘧啶+四氢叶酸治疗,共12周期。

铂制剂出现HSR的几率较高,其它易出现HSR的药物包括紫杉类、单克隆抗体和门冬酰胺酶等。尽管所有铂制剂都可以产生HSR,但在发生率、反应时间及反应特征上不同(表1),所以不同的脱敏方案用于不同的铂剂,没有证据显示哪个方案更好。1.jpg


表1.不同铂剂HSR特征

HSR分级依据NCI-CTCAE(表2),存在四种类型HSR,I型需要预先暴露史,II型是抗体介导型,III型形成抗原抗体复合物,IV型为延迟反应。奥沙利铂HSR的具体机制不详,通常认为是IgE介导。

2.jpg


表2. CTCAE过敏反应分级

发热通常在奥沙利铂输入时或输入结束后短时间(几小时)内发生,常在6-10次使用后出现,伴有极度不舒服感,常因此停止治疗。发热原因推测是短暂IL-6释放增加所致,是由于奥沙利铂直接还是间接作用所致不清楚。

奥沙利铂HSR在特定人群中易发,年纪轻、女性和既往铂暴露史易发生HSR,无铂间隔期是否对HSR有影响仍有争议。该患者发热不典型,不具备易发生HSR的因素,对退热药、抗组胺药反应欠佳,发热可自行缓解。

脱敏治疗及药物预处理是解决奥沙利铂HSR的主要方法,其它常用方法还包括减慢输注速度,给予抗组胺药、退热药、糖皮质激素药物预处理,主要适用于1级HSR或2型HSR。

随着铂类药物的广泛应用,HSR逐渐增加。发热通常还伴有其它表现,应当尽早识别并给予相应处理。大部分HSR表现典型,对不典型HSR应提高警惕。脱敏治疗是有效改善HSR的方法。

原始出处

Thota PN, Lee HJ, Goldblum JR, Liu X, Sanaka MR, Gohel T, Kanadiya M, Lopez R. Risk Stratification of Patients With Barrett's Esophagus and Low-grade Dysplasia or Indefinite for Dysplasia.Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014 Aug 4.

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    2015-06-06 yaanren
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    2015-01-23 许安
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    2015-01-22 gwc384

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