BMJ:巨大胸甲状腺肿所致的呼吸困难

2016-09-28 MedSci MedSci原创

女性患者,80岁,因劳累时呼吸困难,并伴有嘈杂呼吸音而就诊于急诊科。患者可完整说话表达思想,但是体格检查发现有微弱的双相喘鸣。患者自述症状已有数月,且逐渐恶化。患者无复调的呼气性喘鸣音。其他健康状况良好。胸片如下所示(图1⇓)。胸片显示大的纵隔肿块,气管明显偏右侧(图2,T⇓)。对于这样一个肿块的鉴别诊断包括畸胎瘤、胸腺增大、淋巴结肿大和胸骨后甲状腺肿大。鉴于患者症状的长期性和病情的稳定性,因此没

女性患者,80岁,因劳累时呼吸困难,并伴有嘈杂呼吸音而就诊于急诊科。患者可完整说话表达思想,但是体格检查发现有微弱的双相喘鸣。患者自述症状已有数月,且逐渐恶化。患者无复调的呼气性喘鸣音。其他健康状况良好。胸片如下所示(图1⇓)。


胸片显示大的纵隔肿块,气管明显偏右侧(图2,T⇓)。


对于这样一个肿块的鉴别诊断包括畸胎瘤、胸腺增大、淋巴结肿大和胸骨后甲状腺肿大。鉴于患者症状的长期性和病情的稳定性,因此没必要立刻考虑其气道通气问题。但是仍立即进行了CT扫描(图3⇓)。肿块的边缘(M)可追踪到锁骨以上,因此最可能的诊断是甲状腺肿大。


CT扫描可以追踪肿块的边缘(M),并显示与甲状腺左叶相连(C)。甲状腺叶也可显示(T)。肿块体积较大,最初是从前纵隔进入胸腔。这是常见的胸内甲状腺肿。然而,随着肿块下移,后移进入中纵隔,从而造成气管向右侧移位。

原始出处:

Joseph Dalby Sinnott, David C Howlett. Dyspnoea in an older woman. BMJ 2016; 354 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i4883.

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