斑马鱼作为中药毒理学模型的研究进展

2022-04-20 August MedSci原创

建立符合中药特点的安全性评价技术,开展大规模的基础毒性研究,是全面认识中药毒性的关键。近年来,斑马鱼已被用作毒性评估的模式生物,并越来越多地用于中药毒性研究。

中医药(TCM)为人类健康做出了巨大贡献。由于人类使用历史悠久,中药被认为是相对安全的。然而,随着中医药在世界范围内的广泛应用和药品不良反应监测体系的不断完善,中医药相关不良事件的报告呈上升趋势构建中药安全评价新技术新方法势在必行。斑马鱼作为一种理想的替代模式生物,近年来在中药安全性评价中逐渐得到应用并显示出显着优势。该文旨在总结利用斑马鱼进行中药毒性评价的进展和局限性,并提出未来的研究思路。

中药对斑马鱼急性毒性的评价方法与LC/MS或毒性引导分离相结合

材料和方法 使用斑马鱼、毒理学、中药、急性毒性、肝损伤、心脏毒性、肾毒性等关键词检索Springer、Science Direct、Wiley、Pubmed和中国知识资源整合(CNKI)等科学数据库、发育毒性、神经毒性、胃肠道刺激、免疫毒性、耳毒性和骨毒性。

中药对斑马鱼肝毒性的评价方法(H&E:苏木精和伊红,ALT:丙氨酸氨基转移酶,AST:天冬氨酸转氨酶):

结果斑马鱼检测实验成本低,周期短,可轻松实现高通量毒性筛选,并免除高达 5 dpf 的伦理法规。它已被广泛用于评估中药引起的急性毒性、肝毒性、心脏毒性、肾毒性、发育毒性、神经毒性、胃肠道刺激、免疫毒性和耳毒性,尽管一些生理差异限制了它的应用。

评估中药对斑马鱼心脏毒性的常用方法:

评价中药对斑马鱼肾毒性的常用方法:

大部分中药具有多成分、多靶点、多途径效应,使得毒性评价、毒性成分鉴定和中药毒性机制研究极具挑战性。建立符合中药特性的安全性评价技术体系是进一步认识中药毒性的关键。斑马鱼与人类基因具有高度同源性,是建立中药安全性评价技术的理想模型,已用于评价急性毒性、肝毒性、心脏毒性、肾毒性、发育毒性、神经毒性、胃肠刺激、中药引起的免疫毒性和耳毒性还用于毒性成分筛选配伍减毒、加工药物减毒、毒性作用机制等,为利用动物模型评估中药安全性提供新思路

此外,斑马鱼与 UPLC-MS/MS、质谱成像、成簇规则间隔短回文重复序列 (CRISPR)-CRISPR 相关基因 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) 系统、系统生物学和其他技术的结合将提供更可靠、快速、以及促进中医药安全使用、现代化和国际推广的有效方法体系。分子的亲水性和亲油性可能在主要吸收途径中起重要作用。斑马鱼是中药毒性评估的强大模型,但并非完美无缺。迫切需要建立毒性测试标准和高通量测定。此综述为今后的研究提供了参考。

 

原文:Zhang Y, Xia Q, Wang J, Zhuang K, Jin H, Liu K. Progress in using zebrafish as a toxicological model for traditional Chinese medicine. J Ethnopharmacol. 2022 Jan 10;282:114638. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114638. Epub 2021 Sep 13. PMID: 34530096.

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    2022-04-20 lg.zhao

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