Brain:睡眠不足引起大脑“垃圾”清除障碍,而且是补觉都没有用的那种!

2021-04-25 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

一夜的完全睡眠剥夺会损害人类大脑的“垃圾”清除功能,而且补觉并不能加速补偿清除能力。

毋庸置疑,睡眠对人类生活,包括认知功能是必不可少的。但为什么人类一生中约有三分之一的时间在睡眠中度过,这仍然是一个谜。有科学家猜测,可能是睡眠具有恢复功能,它促进了大脑中在清醒状态下积累的代谢废物的清除。

后来,科学家通过双光子显微镜,发现睡眠使大脑间质体积分数增加了60%,使得大脑皮层中淀粉样蛋白-β的清除速度提高了2倍。这些观察结果与阿尔茨海默病(AD)临床前阶段睡眠中断的报告相呼应——在这种疾病中,A-β和tau聚集在易受影响的大脑区域,在临床痴呆症发病前很长时间就已经形成。

严重的睡眠障碍也伴随着创伤性脑损伤,患者的大脑tau和A-β负担增加,患AD的风险增加。以前在小鼠AD模型中证明,急性睡眠剥夺后,A-β(一种神经元活动的代谢副产品)的脑内水平增加,而慢性睡眠剥夺增加了A-β的形成。

随后,陆续有研究报道称,在健康人中,不受干扰的睡眠导致脑内A-β42水平减少6%。而在20个健康人中,一晚睡眠剥夺使实质A-β负担增加5%。最近,基于慢波睡眠观察发现,与清醒状态相比,睡眠相关的神经元活动与脑脊液和血流之间存在直接联系。

然而,目前从未在体内证明睡眠或睡眠剥夺是否会影响人类大脑的“垃圾”清除。为此,来自挪威奥斯陆大学脑科学研究中心的专家开展了相关研究,旨在研究完全睡眠剥夺是否会影响人类大脑的“垃圾”清除,以及后续睡眠是否会加速清除速度。结果发表在最新的《大脑》Brain杂志上。

研究人员对受试者进行鞘内造影剂注射(钆,0.5毫升,1毫摩尔/毫升)作为示踪分子后48小时,进行了标准化T1序列的多相磁共振成像(MRI)。使用FreeSurfer软件,将85个脑区的示踪剂富集程度量化为归一化T1信号与基线的百分比变化。

大脑示踪剂的富集在两组人之间进行了比较;一组人(n = 7)从第1天到第2天接受了完全的睡眠剥夺(睡眠剥夺组),而年龄和性别匹配的对照组(n = 17;睡眠组)从第1天到第2天被允许自由睡眠。从第2天到第3天,所有的人都被允许自由睡眠。

结果显示,示踪剂在两组人的大脑中的富集程度相似。一夜的睡眠剥夺损害了大多数脑域的示踪物质的清除,包括大脑皮层、白质和边缘系统,这在干预后的第2天早上就可以观察到。此外,睡眠剥夺组的大脑清除功能受损并没有被随后第2至第3天的睡眠所补偿。

本结果表明,一夜的完全睡眠剥夺会损害人类大脑的“垃圾”清除功能,而且补觉并不能加速补偿清除能力。

 

参考文献:

Per Kristian Eide, Vegard Vinje, Are Hugo Pripp, Kent-Andre Mardal, Geir Ringstad, Sleep deprivation impairs molecular clearance from the human brain, Brain, Volume 144, Issue 3, March 2021, Pages 863–874, https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awaa443

 

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    2021-04-26 ms3000000646974452

    学习!

    0

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    2021-04-25 MedSciZeng
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1764070, encodeId=36331e6407021, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=26ee9018046' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#补觉#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=90180, encryptionId=26ee9018046, topicName=补觉)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=bfab37615322, createdName=12498adam52暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Sep 14 07:30:54 CST 2021, time=2021-09-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=960594, encodeId=f23596059492, content=学习!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cc0c5476101, createdName=ms3000000646974452, createdTime=Mon Apr 26 12:05:00 CST 2021, time=2021-04-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=960501, encodeId=79bd9605013a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0b8a36e35b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Brain#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3673, encryptionId=0b8a36e35b, topicName=Brain)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20221103/2796e00c9b4549e3b313ed9e7accc68f/b52d6d98bbe04782b5a4e2dd1ee80be2.jpeg, createdBy=078e1614372, createdName=MedSciZeng, createdTime=Sun Apr 25 23:20:31 CST 2021, time=2021-04-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=960484, encodeId=161e960484bf, content=夜班催人老, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210425/9f5b6d017f0d4b389bb5bdd7a4908554/1f59fc38378b4e35bda74a3607c86e23.jpg, createdBy=dec82258210, createdName=所有我们看不见的光, createdTime=Sun Apr 25 22:31:05 CST 2021, time=2021-04-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=960477, encodeId=03b89604e7c7, content=哎,睡眠不好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210425/0b1c7c70a16349acbef1181bcf6effa7/47f05b9e18d3483e81685733c73f3073.jpg, createdBy=3b2d5485598, createdName=^_^^_^, createdTime=Sun Apr 25 22:16:00 CST 2021, time=2021-04-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=960473, encodeId=87ce9604e338, content=学习了,涨知识了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLDM9swhbgTo7nzqRKzMmzckmEoeTyLQVDCgjqsicjyhxPs0vPoYU6GsSYbCjSkNHicJkz3NL0a0EbUMVdNjkctXI6FocpGKaVr9E/0, createdBy=29392048316, createdName=ms2000001051330459, createdTime=Sun Apr 25 21:53:51 CST 2021, time=2021-04-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=960451, encodeId=d34796045144, content=一夜的睡眠剥夺损害了大多数脑域的示踪物质的清除,包括大脑皮层、白质和边缘系统,这在干预后的第2天早上就可以观察到。此外,睡眠剥夺组的大脑清除功能受损并没有被随后第2至第3天的睡眠所补偿。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/08/02/7354b3539aae6a0ccb1e0fff04c12084.jpg, createdBy=205b1984786, createdName=随梦飞扬, createdTime=Sun Apr 25 19:38:48 CST 2021, time=2021-04-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-04-25 所有我们看不见的光

    夜班催人老

    0

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    2021-04-25 ^_^^_^

    哎,睡眠不好

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1764070, encodeId=36331e6407021, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=26ee9018046' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#补觉#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=90180, encryptionId=26ee9018046, topicName=补觉)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=bfab37615322, createdName=12498adam52暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Sep 14 07:30:54 CST 2021, time=2021-09-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=960594, encodeId=f23596059492, content=学习!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cc0c5476101, createdName=ms3000000646974452, createdTime=Mon Apr 26 12:05:00 CST 2021, time=2021-04-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=960501, encodeId=79bd9605013a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0b8a36e35b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Brain#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3673, encryptionId=0b8a36e35b, topicName=Brain)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20221103/2796e00c9b4549e3b313ed9e7accc68f/b52d6d98bbe04782b5a4e2dd1ee80be2.jpeg, createdBy=078e1614372, createdName=MedSciZeng, createdTime=Sun Apr 25 23:20:31 CST 2021, time=2021-04-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=960484, encodeId=161e960484bf, content=夜班催人老, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210425/9f5b6d017f0d4b389bb5bdd7a4908554/1f59fc38378b4e35bda74a3607c86e23.jpg, createdBy=dec82258210, createdName=所有我们看不见的光, createdTime=Sun Apr 25 22:31:05 CST 2021, time=2021-04-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=960477, encodeId=03b89604e7c7, content=哎,睡眠不好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210425/0b1c7c70a16349acbef1181bcf6effa7/47f05b9e18d3483e81685733c73f3073.jpg, createdBy=3b2d5485598, createdName=^_^^_^, createdTime=Sun Apr 25 22:16:00 CST 2021, time=2021-04-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=960473, encodeId=87ce9604e338, content=学习了,涨知识了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLDM9swhbgTo7nzqRKzMmzckmEoeTyLQVDCgjqsicjyhxPs0vPoYU6GsSYbCjSkNHicJkz3NL0a0EbUMVdNjkctXI6FocpGKaVr9E/0, createdBy=29392048316, createdName=ms2000001051330459, createdTime=Sun Apr 25 21:53:51 CST 2021, time=2021-04-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=960451, encodeId=d34796045144, content=一夜的睡眠剥夺损害了大多数脑域的示踪物质的清除,包括大脑皮层、白质和边缘系统,这在干预后的第2天早上就可以观察到。此外,睡眠剥夺组的大脑清除功能受损并没有被随后第2至第3天的睡眠所补偿。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/08/02/7354b3539aae6a0ccb1e0fff04c12084.jpg, createdBy=205b1984786, createdName=随梦飞扬, createdTime=Sun Apr 25 19:38:48 CST 2021, time=2021-04-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-04-25 ms2000001051330459

    学习了,涨知识了!

    0

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    2021-04-25 随梦飞扬

    一夜的睡眠剥夺损害了大多数脑域的示踪物质的清除,包括大脑皮层、白质和边缘系统,这在干预后的第2天早上就可以观察到。此外,睡眠剥夺组的大脑清除功能受损并没有被随后第2至第3天的睡眠所补偿。

    0

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