5类血糖监测方法,哪个更准确?:新版指南解读

2015-12-18 高兴的小乖整理 华医网编辑整理

导 语:2015版《中国血糖监测临床应用指南》日前发布。新版指南对现有的5类血糖监测方法进行了详细阐述。 1、毛细血管血糖监测:方案量身定制  毛细血管血糖监测包括患者自我血糖监测(SMBG)及在医院内进行的床边快速血糖检测(POCT),是血糖监测的基本形式,其监测频率和时间要根据患者病情的实际需要来决定: 采用生活方式干预控制糖尿病的患者,可根据需要有目的

导 语:2015版《中国血糖监测临床应用指南》日前发布。新版指南对现有的5类血糖监测方法进行了详细阐述。

1、毛细血管血糖监测:方案量身定制

 毛细血管血糖监测包括患者自我血糖监测(SMBG)及在医院内进行的床边快速血糖检测(POCT),是血糖监测的基本形式,其监测频率和时间要根据患者病情的实际需要来决定:

采用生活方式干预控制糖尿病的患者,可根据需要有目的地通过血糖监测了解饮食控制和运动对血糖的影响来调整饮食和运动。

使用口服降糖药者可每周监测2~4次空腹或餐后2 h血糖,或在就诊前一周内连续监测3 d,每天监测7点血糖(早餐前后、午餐前后、晚餐前后和睡前)。

使用胰岛素治疗者可根据胰岛素治疗方案进行相应的血糖监测:1、使用基础胰岛素的患者应监测空腹血糖,根据空腹血糖调整睡前胰岛素的剂量;2、使用预混胰岛素者应监测空腹和晚餐前血糖,根据空腹血糖调整晚餐前胰岛素剂量,根据晚餐前血糖调整早餐前胰岛素剂量,如果空腹血糖达标后,注意监测餐后血糖以优化治疗方案;3、使用餐时胰岛素者应监测餐后或餐前血糖,并根据餐后血糖和下一餐餐前血糖调整上一餐前的胰岛素剂量。

2、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)

 HbA1c是反映既往2~3个月平均血糖水平的指标,在临床上已作为评估长期血糖控制状况的金标准,也是临床决定是否需要调整治疗的重要依据。

新版指南建议:目前应采用结合NGSP标准化的HbA1c结果来估测平均血糖水平;参加卫生行政管理部门的室间质评;HbA1c仍然是糖尿病管理的关键指标,要尽量避免HbA1c参考范围的变化。

3、糖化白蛋白(GA)

 GA作为新的监测方法,是在糖化血清蛋白(GSP)基础上进行的定量测定,能反映糖尿病患者检测前2~3周的平均血糖水平。由于测量便捷、精准和实用,目前有逐渐取代GSP的趋势。

由于在临床上应用的时间相对较短,目前尚缺乏公认的正常值。

上海与北京两个地区的研究初步建立了中国人群的GA正常参考值,分别为10.8%~17.1%和11.89%~16.87%。

4、1,5-脱水葡萄糖醇(1,5-AG)

1,5-AG是呋喃葡萄糖的C-1脱氧形式,其含量在多元醇糖类中仅次于葡萄糖,其在糖尿病患者中显著降低,可准确而迅速地反映1~2周内的血糖控制情况,尤其是对餐后血糖波动的监测具有明显优越性。

2003年,美国食品药品管理局(FDA)批准将1,5-AG 作为评价短期血糖监测的新指标。

有研究表明,在糖尿病管理中,1,5-AG可作为辅助的血糖监测参数用于指导治疗方案的调整。

但1,5-AG在糖尿病筛查、诊断中的意义尚待更多的循证医学证据予以证实。

5、动态血糖监测(CGM)

CGM可提供连续、全面、可靠的全天血糖信息,了解血糖波动的趋势,发现不易被传统监测方法所探测的隐匿性高血糖和低血糖。因此,CGM可成为传统血糖监测方法的一种有效补充。

作为一种新型的血糖监测技术,CGM检查还较为昂贵,因此在临床应用过程中,要掌握好监测的适应证和时机。

对于动态血糖的正常值,目前国际上尚缺乏公认的标准。

根据国内开展的一项全国多中心研究结果,推荐24 h平均血糖值<6.6 mmol/L,而24 h血糖≥7.8 mmol/L及≤3.9 mmol/L的时间百分率分别<17%(4 h)、12%(3 h);平均血糖波动幅度(MAGE)及血糖标准差(SDBG)分别<3.9 mmol/L和1.4 mmol/L作为中国人动态血糖正常参考值标准。

在动态血糖解读结果时应着重分析血糖的波动规律和趋势,并尽量查找造成血糖异常波动的可能原因,而不是“纠结”于个别时间点的绝对血糖值。

指南推荐采用“三步法”标准分析模式解读:即第一步分析夜间血糖,第二步看餐前血糖,第三步看餐后血糖,每个步骤先观察低血糖、后看高血糖,并找到具体的原因以指导调整治疗方案。

来源:中国血糖监测临床应用指南(2015年版)华医网编辑整理

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1800264, encodeId=ebad18002646f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0d91e23237d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#监测方法#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=72323, encryptionId=0d91e23237d, topicName=监测方法)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=1dbc2500219, createdName=huagfeg, createdTime=Thu Oct 20 03:25:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=48269, encodeId=4d33482692b, content=学, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=124, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuK9CDibOwszLoEBg36ZXqzB5NDasNV9GTfFDmBicM1V8hUS4OtTicG3IiaFIKq4wqD23LUxORRJXqjVs/0, createdBy=00e81647535, createdName=I come, createdTime=Sat Dec 26 16:14:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1540175, encodeId=136215401e559, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=da548984604' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#血糖监测#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=89846, encryptionId=da548984604, topicName=血糖监测)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=50fd13191418, createdName=jktdtl, createdTime=Sun Dec 20 06:25:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1551745, encodeId=f7171551e4581, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=305156401eb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#指南解读#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=56401, encryptionId=305156401eb, topicName=指南解读)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=eb0214221999, createdName=shuangle, createdTime=Sun Dec 20 06:25:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=46693, encodeId=2501466937f, content=值得学习!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=122, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=387d1660055, createdName=dhzzm, createdTime=Sat Dec 19 00:46:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-12-26 I come

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    2015-12-19 dhzzm

    值得学习!

    0