PNAS:耶鲁科学家发现阻断HPV感染新疗法!或可弥补宫颈癌疫苗不足

2020-03-27 白露 医药魔方

人乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)是包括宫颈癌、肛门癌、口咽癌在内的几种癌症的主要病因,每年全世界有近30万妇女死于宫颈癌。尽管疫苗为预防HPV感染提供了可靠的第一道防线,但它们无法预防所有HPV亚型的感染,具

人乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)是包括宫颈癌、肛门癌、口咽癌在内的几种癌症的主要病因,每年全世界有近30万妇女死于宫颈癌。尽管疫苗为预防HPV感染提供了可靠的第一道防线,但它们无法预防所有HPV亚型的感染,具有一定局限性,且目前也没有专门抑制HPV感染或传播的药物。因此,研究人员仍在继续寻找抵御该病毒的其他选择。

在3月17日发表于PNAS上的一项新研究中,耶鲁大学癌症中心的研究人员证明了一种可以阻止HPV感染的新方法,他们合成了一种可以阻止病毒感染细胞通路的肽。研究人员表示,这种方法可能最终不仅有助于治疗HPV,也有助于治疗其他病毒感染 [1]。


图片来源:PNAS [1]

先前的研究表明,病毒复制需要病毒蛋白质和细胞蛋白质之间的关键相互作用。这些蛋白质介导了感染的许多方面,包括病毒基因组到复制位点的运输。

HPV是一种无包膜DNA病毒,含有360个L1主要衣壳蛋白分子和72个L2衣壳蛋白分子。在HPV感染中,逆向囊泡转运复合物retromer与病毒衣壳蛋白L2结合,并将进入的病毒粒子分类到逆行运输通路,运输到细胞核,在那里病毒可以实现自我复制。

领导该研究的Daniel DiMaio博士团队先前已发现细胞穿透肽的核心作用片段出奇的短。这些肽穿透细胞膜仅需6个氨基酸的序列,而与retromer蛋白结合仅需3个氨基酸的序列。

“我们意识到可以合成一种短肽,使其足以穿透细胞膜,结合retromer并阻止感染。我们决定尝试一下,”DiMaio说,“幸运的是,尝试的第一种肽就起作用了。”

具体来说,研究人员合成了一种含29个残基的肽,命名为P16/16 。该肽包含HPV16衣壳蛋白L2的retromer结合位点(retromer-bindingsite,RBS)和细胞穿透肽(cell-penetratingpeptide,CPP)(下图A)。他们将P16/16加入到未受感染的HeLa细胞(人宫颈癌细胞)培养基中,发现这些肽进入了细胞质并与retromer结合(下图B)。接着用HPV16假病毒感染HeLa细胞时,病毒就不能再与retromer结合并离开内体,因为retromer被肽结合,感染就被阻断了。


A:(顶部)带有野生型CPP片段(红色)和RBS(绿色)的L2肽序列。CPP或RBS突变肽中的氨基酸替换以蓝色显示。B:将未感染的HeLa细胞与P16/16孵育3小时后染色。红色标记Retromer位置,绿色标记P16/16位置。重叠的信号在合并图谱中为黄色,细胞核呈蓝色。(图片来源:PNAS [1])

实验结果还显示,P16/16能引起感染的剂量依赖性降低(下图)。此外,该肽也能有效抑制HPV18和HPV5 假病毒的感染。这两种病毒是已知依赖于retromer的其他HPV类型,与HPV16一样,HPV18是一种高危的致癌型HPV,感染生殖器粘膜,而HPV5是一种与皮肤疣和癌症相关的分化型HPV。


图片来源:PNAS [1]

接下来的实验发现,这种病毒感染抑制作用即使在P16/16被去除后仍然存在 。“事实上我们不知道肽的活性有多长,但这种阻断作用可能是不可逆转的。病毒似乎也从细胞中消失了。细胞有某种方式可以感觉到感染没有正常进行,因此它可以清除病毒。”DiMaio解释道。

也就是说,如果进入的病毒不与retromer结合,细胞就具有清除侵入病毒的机制,意味着在这一步短暂的抑制会不可逆的阻断病毒感染。

在与威斯康星大学的同事进行的后续体内实验中,研究人员发现P16/16也能抑制小鼠的HPV感染。这表明P16/16在雌性小鼠生殖道中没有失活,并且能够进入该组织中支持HPV感染的基底角朊细胞。

最后值得一提的是,无论是细胞实验还是小鼠实验,P16/16均未显示明显的毒性。

总结来说,这项研究证实了retromer介导的逆行HPV侵入细胞的机制,并验证了细胞内病毒转运作为抗病毒靶点的可行性。

由于retromer还与其他病毒(丙型肝炎病毒、流感病毒、腺相关病毒、艾滋病病毒等)感染有关,该研究中合成的肽P16/16和其他靶向retromer的分子也可能影响这些病毒的感染。

尽管在治疗上使用肽存在挑战,但确定一种易受干扰且必需的细胞内蛋白质之间相互作用,可能会激励开发更多阻断这种相互作用的药物。基于此策略的方法可能会适用于多种病毒。

相关论文:

[1].Pengwei Zhang et al. Cell-penetrating peptide inhibits retromer-mediated human papillomavirus trafficking during virus entry, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2020). DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1917748117

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    2021-01-24 drwjr
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    2020-03-29 一闲
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    2020-03-29 kcb074

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宫颈癌治疗新选择:图像引导自适应近距离放射治疗你了解吗?

宫颈癌是一种可以预防的疾病,如早发现、早诊断,并及时接受治疗,是可以治愈的。

Adv Sci:中山大学张春宇/姚书忠/王伟发现脂肪酸氧化通过乙酰辅酶A介导的细胞干性宫颈癌淋巴结转移

该研究发现淋巴转移性CCa细胞对葡萄糖和糖酵解的依赖性降低,但脂肪酸氧化(FAO)增加。抑制肉碱棕榈酰转移酶1A(CPT1A)显著损害棕榈酸酯诱导的细胞干性。

Lancet:Pembrolizumab联合化放疗治疗新诊断的局部晚期宫颈癌可显著改善无进展生存期

Pembrolizumab联合放化疗能显著改善新诊断的高危局部晚期宫颈癌患者的无进展生存期。

SGO 2024:吴玉梅教授团队报道宫颈癌手术及一线治疗新方案

首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院妇科肿瘤科吴玉梅教授团队全程关注SGO 2024年会上有关宫颈癌、子宫内膜癌、卵巢癌等妇科肿瘤方面的最新进展,精心筛选出会议上重要的研究进展,形成系列报道,与广大读者分享。

《柳叶刀》:改变宫颈癌治疗!早期免疫治疗减少复发死亡风险30%

近期,《柳叶刀》发表KEYNOTE-A18试验结果,表明在局部晚期宫颈癌患者中,在放化疗方案基础上增加帕博利珠单抗可显著改善无进展生存期,将疾病进展和死亡风险降低30%。

病理干货 | 浅聊p16/Ki-67细胞双染在宫颈癌筛查中的应用

p16/Ki-67双染从2011年开始,累计发表了400多篇研究,积累了充足的高质量的循证医学证据。今天,我们来简单的聊聊这项技术。