国际机构呼吁:基因剪刀谨慎对胚胎基因动刀

2017-08-08 贾朝娟 环球医学

身陷学术争论一年多的韩春雨团队撤回了论文,却没能平息关于基因编辑技术的争议。而就在同一天传出了美国国内首次进行人类胚胎基因编辑并取得成功的消息。基因编辑技术用于人类胚胎基因的修改来设计完美婴儿一直在挑战固有伦理和管理界限。

身陷学术争论一年多的韩春雨团队撤回了论文,却没能平息关于基因编辑技术的争议。而就在同一天传出了美国国内首次进行人类胚胎基因编辑并取得成功的消息。基因编辑技术用于人类胚胎基因的修改来设计完美婴儿一直在挑战固有伦理和管理界限。

紧接着第二天,即8月3日,国际学术界多个机构发表联合声明,呼吁“谨慎而积极”地开展生殖细胞基因编辑,认为应继续推进基础研究,但反对把这项技术用于生殖目的。

这份政策声明发表在新一期《美国人类遗传学杂志》上。签署这份政策声明的共有11个机构,包括美国人类遗传学协会、英国遗传学护士与咨询师协会、国际遗传流行病协会和亚洲遗传咨询师职业协会等。

8月2日,美国俄勒冈卫生科学大学等机构报告说,利用有“基因剪刀”之称的CRISPR基因编辑技术,他们成功修复了人类早期胚胎中一种与遗传性心脏病相关的基因突变。这是美国国内首次进行人类胚胎基因编辑。

众所周知,整容技术最初只是为了修复患者面部严重的缺陷或畸形,而现在,它以塑造了大量千篇一律的网红脸而着称。如果同样的结果在人类的基因层面再现,其后果是什么,没人能够预测。值得注意的是,一旦这种变化发生,是烙刻在基因里代代相传下去的。

实际上,在国际生物学界,干预后代的基因一度是“无人敢碰的禁区”。最新政策声明也写道:“目前开展以怀孕为最终目标的人类生殖细胞基因编辑是不合适的。但其同时强调:“在有合适监管和许可的情况下,现在没有理由禁止体外实施的生殖细胞基因组编辑研究,或者禁止公共资金支持这类研究。”这份政策声明还说,将来如果开展生殖细胞基因编辑的临床应用,应满足的前提条件包括:有说服力的医学理由、伦理上是恰当的、过程要透明与公开等。

英国盖伊和圣托马斯国民保健基金会临床遗传学教授弗朗西丝?弗林特评价道,这份政策声明“及时而非常平衡”,生殖细胞基因编辑有太多不确定性和潜在的严重风险,现在开展任何形式、以人类怀孕为目的的生殖细胞基因编辑都极不负责任,但在严格监管环境中开展进一步研究,有可能会为潜在临床应用带来更多信息。

近年来,在CRISPR技术的推动下,全世界掀起了基因编辑研究热潮。有观点认为,中国科研人员具有相当的科研力,且相关法律约束较为宽松,,可能会率先实现对胚胎基因的编辑。果不其然,2015年中国中山大学黄军就团队首次报告对人类胚胎中的致病基因进行修改,引起广泛关注及争议。但目前,科学界的主流观点认为,使用生殖细胞基因编辑技术并致人类怀孕是不可逾越的“红线”。

目前,我国在生殖系基因编缉领域不仅没有立法,也缺少正式的伦理讨论。有专家直言,国内科研界可以为了占领科技竞争制高点,放下争议,做了再说。但合理的做法应该是,科学家、伦理学家、政策制定者和患者应该坐下来,共同制定伦理准则,“先说后做,而不是先做再说。”

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    2017-10-29 lyh994

    现在又有了基因编辑技术.怎么说?

    0

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    2017-08-10 ailian1202
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    2017-08-08 林3301

    不错,学习了解一下

    0

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    2017-08-08 榄枷檬

    谢谢分享

    0

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    2017-08-08 哈哈869

    学习

    0

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