Neuroradiology:破裂MCA动脉瘤,血肿越大越应该选择外科手术夹闭动脉瘤吗?

2018-04-18 杨中华 脑血管病及重症文献导读

对于大脑中动脉(MCA)破裂动脉瘤,蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)合并脑实质血肿者预后不良。即使采取了积极的减压治疗、清除血肿和动脉瘤夹闭,6个月死亡率为13%-56%。破裂动脉瘤经过弹簧圈栓塞术后清除血肿并减压治疗的研究得出了更有希望的结果,6个月的死亡率为20-30%,这些研究纳入了任何部位动脉瘤,其中包括MCA动脉瘤。

对于大脑中动脉(MCA)破裂动脉瘤,蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)合并脑实质血肿者预后不良。即使采取了积极的减压治疗、清除血肿和动脉瘤夹闭,6个月死亡率为13%-56%。破裂动脉瘤经过弹簧圈栓塞术后清除血肿并减压治疗的研究得出了更有希望的结果,6个月的死亡率为20-30%,这些研究纳入了任何部位动脉瘤,其中包括MCA动脉瘤。

2012年AHA动脉瘤SAH管理指南认为对于脑实质血肿较大(>50ml)和MCA动脉瘤的患者,更应该考虑采取显微外科。不过,支持该项推荐意见的临床预后数据很少,指南中引用的参考文献也没有明确定义血肿体积。

2018年3月来自荷兰的I. A. Zijlstra等在Neuroradiology上公布了他们的研究结果。研究者利用他们医院的数据,以验证2012年AHA指南的这条推荐意见。

研究者回顾了连续81例(能够提供预后数据的患者共76例)MCA动脉瘤合并血肿患者的临床和影像学数据。他们发现入院时不良和良好神经功能状态者的预后存在明显差异,良好预后的比例分别为17%和68%(P<0.01)。血肿体积>50ml者都进行了减压治疗,采取弹簧圈栓塞和动脉瘤夹闭者的临床预后相似。血肿<50ml并减压者,采取弹簧圈栓塞和动脉瘤夹闭者的良好临床预后的比例相似(33% vs 31%);血肿<50ml未减压治疗者,采取弹簧圈栓塞和动脉瘤夹闭者的良好临床预后的比例也相似(90% vs 88%)。

最终作者认为入院时的不良神经功能状态,而不是较大脑实质血肿与不良临床预后有关。因此,即使对于较大血肿的患者,入院时的神经功能状态和动脉瘤的形态决定了手术方式。

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