8种病夜间会加重:哮喘、关节炎、胃食管反流

2013-11-14 佚名 生命时报

有些疾病白天不来过多“纠缠”,晚上躺下后却会让人痛苦不堪。英国《每日邮报》近日载文,刊出多位专家对8种夜间会加重的疾病的分析及相关建议。 1.哮喘。夜间咳嗽是哮喘的常见症状,61%哮喘患者表示夜里睡不好觉。英国哮喘协会专家黛博拉·瓦德尔表示,哮喘患者夜间气急和气喘等症状更严重。多种理论认为这与人体24小时昼夜节律有关。压力激素皮质醇等激素夜间变化会影响到呼吸道。夜间呼

有些疾病白天不来过多“纠缠”,晚上躺下后却会让人痛苦不堪。英国《每日邮报》近日载文,刊出多位专家对8种夜间会加重的疾病的分析及相关建议。

1.哮喘。夜间咳嗽是哮喘的常见症状,61%哮喘患者表示夜里睡不好觉。英国哮喘协会专家黛博拉·瓦德尔表示,哮喘患者夜间气急和气喘等症状更严重。多种理论认为这与人体24小时昼夜节律有关。压力激素皮质醇等激素夜间变化会影响到呼吸道。夜间呼吸最慢,血液携氧量降低,肺脏二氧化碳呼出量也下降。卧室内还有多种哮喘诱因,比如藏在被褥、毛绒玩具、地毯和窗帘中的尘螨等。另外卧室通风差、平躺姿势(特别是肥胖、反酸等患者)也会增加夜间哮喘症状。瓦德尔建议,如果患者能尽可能排除诱因,采取一些预防措施,那么因哮喘病情加重而急救和住院的几率就可减小75%。

2.关节炎。英国利兹大学肌肉骨骼医学教授菲利普·康纳甘表示,睡眠时,关节部位长时间不活动,体液和蛋白质废弃物增多,进而导致关节炎更加僵硬疼痛。疼痛严重干扰睡眠,导致疲劳乏力和情绪抑郁,进而导致白天关节炎症状加重,形成恶性循环。康纳甘教授建议,患者可与医生商量是否将扑热息痛等短效镇痛剂换成长效镇痛药。

3.更年期综合征。由于激素变化导致体温调节能力降低的缘故,夜间盗汗是更年期综合征的常见症状之一。英国诺福克诺维奇大学医院妇产科专家爱德华·莫里斯博士表示,夜间盗汗类似白天潮热,但是白天潮热发生时,可打开窗户,脱掉衣服。而夜间盗汗发生于睡眠中,因而感觉更难受。莫里斯博士建议,女性患者可询问医生是否要接受激素替代疗法以提高雌激素水平。另外,保持卧室通风也很关键。

4.头痛。英国伦敦国王学院医院头痛病专家安迪·道森博士表示,丛集性头痛是最严重的偏头痛之一,典型发病时间为凌晨2点左右。50%的偏头痛患者表示经常夜间疼醒。这与睡眠周期密切相关。调节睡眠的脑干部分同样影响到偏头痛。道森博士建议,虽然天气变化诱因难以避免,但是头痛患者应尽量避免缺餐、某些食物、耀眼或闪烁的灯光等诱因。抗抑郁药和抗组胺药物都有助于缓解头痛。

5.心脏病。伦敦帝国理工大学心脏病学教授马丁·科威表示,几乎一半的心脏病死亡发生于1小时之内,而大多数心脏病发作于凌晨4点左右,这与夜间血小板浓度增大导致血栓增多有关。急性心衰多发于凌晨3点左右。科威教授建议,在医生的指导下,服用阿司匹林可降低血液黏稠度,睡前服用降压药也有帮助。

6.胃食管反流。英国皇家萨里郡医院胃肠病专家蒂姆·沃辛顿指出,吸烟、孕激素增加、暴饮暴食等都会加重胃食管反流。由于地球引力的缘故,夜间睡觉体位变化也会加重胃食管反流。沃辛顿建议,睡前两小时不要吃东西,坚持低脂饮食,避免含咖啡因、酒精饮料以及酸性食物。在医生指导下适当服用抗酸剂药物,如雷尼替丁、奥米拉唑等。

7.带状疱疹及感冒。伦敦大学玛丽女王学院病毒学教授约翰·奥克斯福德表示,很多患者表示,带状疱疹和感冒等病毒感染性疾病在夜间会加重。这与神经传递素和涉及痛感的激素水平夜间升高有关系。患者夜间更加焦虑也会加重病情。感冒患者躺下后鼻塞和咳嗽会加重。建议,使用炉甘石洗液或抗组胺药可缓解带状疱疹瘙痒症状。扑热息痛可减轻疼痛症状。

8.支气管炎。慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD,简称“慢阻肺”)包括慢性支气管炎和肺气肿。英国肺脏协会胸科专家尼克·布洛姆普顿博士表示,76%的患者表示因夜间病情加重而导致多次夜醒。多项研究发现,夜间呼吸道气流减少,体温下降影响肺脏功能都会导致慢阻肺病情加重。布洛姆普顿博士建议,保持卧室适宜温度和睡觉抬高枕头都有助于缓解慢阻肺症状。

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    2013-11-16 lmm397
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    2013-11-16 zhouqu_8
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    2013-11-16 feifers

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