做科学和玩音乐并没什么不同

2015-07-29 赵斌博客 科学网博客园

Science周刊在每期的结尾,有一个“工作生涯”( Working Life)栏目,发表科研工作者们在日常生活和工作中的切身体会,与我们科学网经常谈论的一些热门话题非常相似。浏览Science周刊的时候,我都会在这个只有一页纸的栏目多停留一段时间,能引起共鸣的东西的确很多。有些体会是靠亲历亲为才刻骨铭心,而有些体会也可以从别人的经历中获取灵感。今天想给大家介绍的一篇文章,是我们大多数人可能并

Science周刊在每期的结尾,有一个“工作生涯”( Working Life)栏目,发表科研工作者们在日常生活和工作中的切身体会,与我们科学网经常谈论的一些热门话题非常相似。浏览Science周刊的时候,我都会在这个只有一页纸的栏目多停留一段时间,能引起共鸣的东西的确很多。有些体会是靠亲历亲为才刻骨铭心,而有些体会也可以从别人的经历中获取灵感。今天想给大家介绍的一篇文章,是我们大多数人可能并没有机会从亲身经历中获得的体会,但不得不承认这种体会对我们科研生涯很有帮助。

我想说的这篇文章,是田纳西大学植物分子遗传学家C. Neal Stewart Jr. 教授写的Songwriting and science(作曲与科学)。熟悉植物分子遗传学领域的朋友,应该对Stewart教授并不陌生,也算是该领域的风云人物了。同时,他最近还有一个身份,就是音乐家。他说,三年前重新开始了中断了30年的歌曲创作生涯,顿觉是身经百战般的强大。他不仅忙于创作并录下自己的曲子,还慢慢迷恋音乐之乡纳什维尔市场并希望成为一名作曲家。他还说,刚开始天真地以为自己写的歌曲至少与从乡村音乐电台中听到的歌曲一样好,甚至还强于平均水平。当然,这种自信或坚定,可能源于他在科研生涯中遭遇的各种拒稿和课题申请失败,然后成功这样的经历,甚至会促成他成为新的乡村音乐明星。慢慢地,他认识到,其实在科学研究中遭到的拒稿和课题申请失败,与音乐领域类似军事上攻打城堡式的竞争是没有什么可比性的。从NSF申请课题,至少有人看了申请书,并告诉申请书是成功还是失败,最后机构还会给出反馈建议。而音乐产业就是一种黑洞,也许投进去的歌曲会永远消失掉,没有任何反馈,不知道自己是成功了还是失败了,也不知道如何来改进。从这个角度来说,科学研究比音乐创作更仁慈一些。

科学研究领域的同僚们总是在相互提醒着,目前项目申请和论文发表中的竞争多么强烈,最新的NSF资助率已经到了3%。但Stewart认为,他并不需要这些提醒,他有自己的方式让自己做得更好,他从文章拒稿和基金申请失败中获得的体会对自己来说是最具个性化,也是最生动的信息。他现在从音乐创作和科研生涯中获得的认识可相互印证,已经形成了一些独到的理念——音乐创作同科学研究一样陶冶着心灵(Songwriting has been good for my soul as well as my science)。

因此,Stewart通过创作歌曲的经历,联想到在撰写论文和课题申请书中的一些体会,总结为以下几个方面(这篇类似文学作品的小文,读起来很上口,要翻译成汉语,突然感觉到词汇不够用了。为了避免歧义,将英文原文也放在后面了,供大家参考):

1)你必须用三分钟说清你的故事。如果论文或课题申请书不能迅速吸引读者的注意,就很难中了。对课题申请书写作的特别建议:如果第一页不能在三分钟内引起评审者的兴趣,这个标书就完蛋了。(You have to tell your story in 3 minutes.  If the paper or proposal (or song) doesn't grab the audience's attention pretty quickly, it won't be a hit.  This is especially true for grant proposals: If the first page doesn't compel the reviewer's interest in 3 minutes, the proposal is toast. )

2)你需要一个令人难忘的钩连点。在一首歌中,这个钩连点就是一小段旋律,会令聆听者跟着哼唱,或者在淋浴时抒情发泄的那段。一个科学故事也需要一个令人难忘的钩连点,传递了一个简单信息——为什么这块科学研究是很重要的。(You need a memorable hook.  In a song, the hook is the phrase or melodic line that the listener hums and sings in the shower.  A science story also needs a memorable hook that relays a simplified message about why a piece of science is important. )

3)时刻保持新鲜。最热门歌曲可能包含似曾相识的旋律,但更表现出令人惊奇和有趣的转折。同样,最好的论文有规范的行文,但也包括意外和新颖的结果。(Keep it fresh.  Most hit songs have predictable structure but include surprises and interesting turns.  Similarly, the best papers are well structured but include unexpected and novel results. )

4)不要独奏。虽然我认为我自己能完成整个作曲、演奏和演唱来表达一首完整的歌曲,但对我来说这几乎并非一个正确的决定。最热门歌曲都有两个或两个以上的合作者,并用非常好的音乐家来演示之。在科学中,合作者也带来独特的专业知识并可让项目研究变得更强大。科学和商业音乐都是极富竞争性的,需要合适的团队才能获得成功。(Don't go solo.  Although I would like to think I can do all the songwriting, playing, and singing to express a song in a pitch, for me that is almost never the right decision.  Most hit songs have two or more co-writers, and the demos are played by extraordinarily fine musicians.  In science, collaborators bring unique expertise and make a project stronger.  Science and commercial music are both so competitive that the right team is needed to produce winners. )

5)灵感不是万能的。据说,吉米巴菲特只用几分钟时间写了Margaritaville的大部分,但他的大多数歌曲都要重写好多次。同样,这应该适用于论文和课题申请书的写作。当我审阅别人的课题申请时,课题负责人是否将自己看做是吉米巴菲特,我一眼就能看出来。最受欢迎的作品源于仔细推敲和反复锤炼。(Inspiration isn't everything.  Supposedly, Jimmy Buffett wrote most of “Margaritaville” in a few minutes, but most songs are rewritten several times.  The same should be true for papers and grant proposals.  When I'm reviewing proposals, it's usually obvious when the principal investigator thinks he's Jimmy Buffett.  Most hits are the product of close examination and rewriting. )

6)最后,不用说,最成功的音乐就是那些人人叫好的曲子。在科学上虽然不那么明显,但同样适用。我现在更加注意哪些论文被引用得最多,哪些对读者最有影响。这有助于我知道什么可行,什么不可行。(Finally, in music, it goes without saying that the most successful songs are those that people like the most.  It's less obvious in science, but it's equally true.  I now pay more attention to which papers are cited most and which talks my audiences react best to.  It helps to know what works and what doesn't. )

原标题:音乐创作与科学研究

原始出处

Science 24 July 2015: Vol. 349 no. 6246 p. 446 DOI: 10.1126/science.349.6246.446 WORKING LIFE

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#插入话题
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    2016-01-28 lyh994

    科学与艺术是相通的,科学也是一门艺术,艺术也是一种科学

    0

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    2015-10-24 三三五五

    有道理

    0

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    2015-07-31 weiz
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    2015-07-30 sanshengshi

    哦哦哦

    0

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    2015-07-30 zhouanxiu

    呵呵

    0

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    2015-07-29 pine007

    ?

    0

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