Eur Respir J:贝达喹啉 VS贝达喹啉-达拉米尼联合治疗耐多药结核病的效果

2020-04-15 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

前言

前言

 

耐药结核病(DR-TB)对全球结核病的控制构成威胁。尽管漏报率和漏诊率很高,但与2016年相比,2017年DR-TB的绝对病例数增加了5%。据报道,MDR-TB的治疗成功率为55%(2017年),但是,鉴于目前WHO已推荐使用新的和重新用途的药物治疗耐多药结核病(MDR-TB),这种情况有望得到改善。

图1.结核杆菌

 

研究背景

 

在具有高水平抗药性和/或预后不良的适当患者中,常需要贝达喹啉-达拉米尼联合使用。但是,两种药物的联用可能会在延长QTc方面发挥协同作用,患者易出现心律失常和猝死。尽管存在这个问题,贝达喹啉-达拉米尼仍常联合使用。目前,在耐药结核病(DR-TB)方案中,达拉米尼联合贝达喹啉的研究数据有限。此外,关于贝达喹啉-达拉米尼组合在HIV合并感染的患者以及具有高水平耐药性的患者中的使用的数据有限。

 

研究方法

 

研究人员对2014年至2018年间122例DR-TB和预后不良的南非患者(52.5%为HIV感染者)进行分析,探究了与接受贝达喹啉-达拉米尼联合治疗的患者相比,接受贝达喹啉治疗的患者的结局和安全性。

 

所有患者患者至少对利福平和异烟肼有抗药性,开始治疗后每月对患者进行痰药敏测试,以监测治疗进展。治疗前后对每位患者每月至少进行一次心电图检查。

 

在开始治疗后的两个月,六个月和十二个月时比较两组的培养转化状态。培养转化定义为两次连续的痰培养结果阴性,两次检测时间间隔至少30天。 在治疗的前六个月中,还比较了两组之间QTcF间隔相对于基线值的变化,以确定治疗方案对QTcF间隔的影响。

 

研究结果

基线特征

 

研究共纳入122名经培养证实为耐多药结核病的患者,其中40名患者接受贝达喹啉-达拉米尼联合治疗,住院治疗中位数时间为204天(IQR 124-295),剩下82名患者接受贝达喹啉治疗,住院治疗中位数时间为155天(IQR93-210)。

 

与贝达喹啉组相比,联合治疗组既往结核治疗失败的患者比例更高(52.5%vs 12.2%; p <0001)。贝达喹啉-达拉米尼联合治疗组患者对五种以上药物的耐药性也明显更高(22.5%vs 3.7%; p = 0001)。联合治疗组中,其他疾病严重程度的标志(包括HIV感染,微生物负荷和入院时体重小于50 kg)也较高。下表概述了两组患者的人口统计学和临床​​特征。

表1. 患者的人口统计学和临床​​特征

 

培养转化率

 

贝达喹啉组与贝达喹啉-达拉米尼联合治疗组在6个月的培养转化率(92.5% vs. 81.8%; p= 0.26)无明显差异。贝达喹啉组,23例HIV(54.8%)患者入组时培养呈阳性,治疗后6个月,93.8%的患者实现了培养转化;贝达喹啉-达拉米尼联合治疗组,13名HIV(59.1%)患者入组时培养呈阳性,治疗后6个月,83.3%的患者实现了培养转化。事件分析结果显示,截至十五个月末,与贝达喹啉组相比,贝达喹啉-达拉米尼联合治疗组中培养结果阳性的患者更多(p = 0.04)。

 

治疗方案的有效性

 

贝达喹啉组与贝达喹啉-达拉米尼联合治疗组在18个月的有利结局率方面(63.4% vs. 67.5%; p = 0.66)无明显差异,尽管后者的耐药性(对至少5种药物的耐药性为3.7% vs. 22.5%; p = 0.001)和治疗前失败率(治疗前TB多重耐药治疗失败率为12.2% vs. 52.5%; p <0.001)更高。痰培养阳性天数少于7天(HR = 2.712; p = 0.006)和对超过5种药物具有耐药性(HR = 2.173; p = 0.08)是不良结局的独立预测因子。

 

不良事件

 

除精神病外,两组中不良事件的发生率均无明显差异,但贝达喹啉-达拉米尼联合治疗组中可能与同时使用特立西酮和高剂量异烟肼有关。下表为研究中其他不良事件和患者的比例。

表2.  两组患者报告的不良事件

 

QT间隔变化

 

虽然在联合治疗组中,使用Fridicia公式校正的QT间隔延长比例更高[距基线> 60 ms(p = 0.001)或治疗期间> 450 ms(p = 0.001)],但两组均无症状性病例或停药病例。在HIV感染患者中,结果相似。

表3. 两组患者QT间隔的变化

 

研究意义及展望

 

该研究结果表明,在DR-TB患者中,无论HIV状态如何,贝达喹啉-达拉米尼联合治疗方案与基于贝达喹啉的治疗方案相比,显示出相似的长期安全性。这些数据为结核病流行地区的DR-TB患者选择治疗方案提供了依据。

 

参考文献

 

Olatunde OlayanjuAliasgar Esmail, et al.,  A regimen containing bedaquiline and delamanid compared to bedaquiline in patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis. Eur Respir J. 2020 Jan 16;55(1):1901181. 

 

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    2020-04-15 CHANGE

    疗效只是效果的众多方面之一,还要看对患者的获益,包括生活质量等因素共同决定效果的

    0

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