JAMA:循证的标准疗法是降压治疗的关键

2014-01-21 iang 丁香园

提升高血压的治疗效率是临床中最重要,也是最容易忽视的问题。美国仅50%的高血压患者血压控制在140/90mmHg以下,超过13%的人群(约900万)收缩压高于160mmHg和/或舒张压高于100mmHg,每年血压控制达标率仅增长1%。【原文下载】 3600万血压控制不佳的美国成人主要分为以下两大群体:(1)1400万 不知道自己患有高血压, 在临床治疗中检测到血压升高,但未诊断也未治疗;

提升高血压的治疗效率是临床中最重要,也是最容易忽视的问题。美国仅50%的高血压患者血压控制在140/90mmHg以下,超过13%的人群(约900万)收缩压高于160mmHg和/或舒张压高于100mmHg,每年血压控制达标率仅增长1%。【原文下载】

3600万血压控制不佳的美国成人主要分为以下两大群体:(1)1400万 不知道自己患有高血压, 在临床治疗中检测到血压升高,但未诊断也未治疗;(2)600万 知道自己患有高血压,且接受药物治疗,但是血压未得到控制。

以上3600万血压控制不佳的人群中, 3/4 的人群在近一年内去过2次或2次以上的专科门诊,但是没有确诊为高血压,也没得到恰当的处理,这导致部分人群面临心梗、中风以及心脏和肾脏衰竭的风险。

高血压治疗和控制需全方位的措施来实现,包括血压测量的精准性、“白大医”性高血压和顽固性高血压的及时发现、患者依从性的提高,以及实时测定和强化治疗。目前证实,临床指南熟悉程度不够以及临床的不信任,是导致治疗积极性下降的主要原因。

由美国健康与社会服务部门发起,联合60多家政府和非政府机构共同参与的“Million Hearts”项目,旨在截止到 2017年,减少100万次心梗及中风的发生。

最初2年内,“Million Hearts”项目主要目标是是控制高血压。通过标准化治疗措施等,高血压的控制率达到70%以上 。

采用标准化、基于证据的治疗准则至少有6大好处:

1. 减少基于证据的临床实践以外的意外事件发生;

2. 加强医务人员对生活习惯、药物以及自我监控在血压控制中重要性的认识,并参与到循证的标准疗法中,以提高治疗的安全性和有效性,确保医生知晓临床意外的发生,使得顽固性高血压患者从中受益;

3. 通过临床决策支持工具、注册功能以及测量,将资料整合到电子健康记录中,进行数据运算,利于提高整体质量;

4. 选择有效且经济的药物和治疗途径;

5. 有利于对治疗质量和治疗效果的评估;

6. 提高医护人员对于优先控制高血压的意识。

基于循证的标准疗法虽然重要,但也并非万全之策,因为不可能通过单一的方式来完成控制血压,需要包括社区干预在内的护理措施(比如减少钠的摄入、预防肥胖、增加体育锻炼、初级卫生保健的普及)以及后续的报告和反馈 。

此外, 实现血压的有效控制还需要不断地对关键信息进行分析和反馈,比如记录在案的高血压成年人的比例(如果美国高血压平均水平低于30%,那么说明很大一部分高血压患者未曾诊断或治疗),以及每位临床医生或每个医疗团队所能控制的人群比例。

高血压的有效控制,可以通过加快全国标准化治疗方案而实现。“Million Hearts”项目目前正在制定可行的样本准则和模板,但是在血压控制问题上,还存在诸多不同的意见,包括从初始治疗药物选择到血压控制的目标。

然而,通过标准化治疗方案来高血压的控制效率,是无可争议的。医护人员以及医疗机构应采纳已有的方案,或制定各自的询证标准,基于询证的标准有助于患者血压的下降,并维持在健康水平,同时可以降低心肌梗死和中风的发生率。

原文出处:

Frieden TR, King SM, Wright JS.Protocol-based treatment of hypertension: a critical step on the pathway to progress.JAMA. 2014 Jan 1;311(1):21-2. doi: 10.1001/jama.2013.282615.【原文下载】


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    2014-01-23 xjy04
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    2014-01-22 zhenggang

    目前能够使高血压患者接受降压治疗是我国的国情。

    0

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