J Affect Disord:别当和尚了,当心抑郁

2017-11-30 佚名 大话精神

新的研究表明,男性素食主义者患抑郁症的风险要高于正常吃肉的人。

新的研究表明,男性素食主义者患抑郁症的风险要高于正常吃肉的人。

美国国立卫生研究院(NIH)对9600多名男性的研究表明,素食主义者或严格素食主义者在抑郁症评定量表上的得分明显高于其他人。研究人员认为,这可能是因为营养不足(如钴胺素或铁缺乏)导致的这类情绪问题。

该文的主要作者,美国NIH全国酒精滥用和酒精中毒研究所营养神经科主任Joseph R.Hibbeln博士补充说,可能是红肉含有丰富的维生素B12,而这种营养素缺乏可能导致一系列问题。“如果真要选择吃素或少吃肉,也应该遵循指南的建议,确保维生素B12的充分摄入。”

这一研究发表在《Journal of Affective Disorders》上。

不利的后果

研究人员指出,尽管素食有很多健康益处,但对心理健康的益处或风险知之甚少。“素食与心血管疾病、肥胖和糖尿病的风险降低有关,这也引发了其是否能够改善精神健康的问题,或者恰恰相反;比如是否‘抛弃’某种食物中丰富的营养素会对精神健康造成不良反应。”

先前研究表明,较低水平的维生素B12和叶酸与抑郁症的风险增加有关,研究人员指出,“一项荟萃分析表明,维生素B12干预可以预防特殊人群的抑郁症状,不过还需要设计更好的试验以进一步研究这些问题。”

研究人员对9668名英国男性进行了调查。由于较少男性为素食主义者(n=39),因此将素食主义者和严格素食主义者合并为一组(n=350,占3.6%)。这些男性在其伴侣孕期第18至20周之间也完成了爱丁堡产后抑郁量表(EPDS)。评分>10表明轻度至中度抑郁的可能性较高。

结果显示,素食者组的平均EPDS评分为5.26,非素食组为4.18(P<0.0001)。此外,素食者组和非素食者组分别有12.3%和7.4%的人EPDS评分>10分(P=0.001)。素食者组和非素食者组分别有6.8%和3.9%的人EPDS评分>12分,表示可能为严重抑郁(P<0.01)。在对各种混杂因素(包括年龄,抑郁症家族史和宗教信仰)进行调整之后,结果保持不变。抑郁症状和素食主义的持续时间之间也存在相关性,但并不显著。

研究人员指出,并非所有的素食主义者都会吃同样的东西,特别是鱼、蛋和乳制品。当然,非素食主义者会消费更多的肉、火腿、家禽和白鱼,而多脂鱼和贝类的消费水平几乎持平。

这是首个评估成年男子素食主义和抑郁症之间关系的大型流行病学研究。研究人员补充说,“由于拒绝消费红肉是素食主义者的标配,因此,维生素B12的摄入量较低是值得考虑的因素。”但还需要更多的研究,尤其是随机对照试验。

一致的调查结果

迪肯大学食品与情绪中心主任Felice Jacka博士表示,需要注意的是,我们不知道这是素食主义的原因还是结果,因为素食可能与人格因素或其他可能增加抑郁症的因素有关。但这并不一定意味着二者有因果关系。

这一发现也与之前的文献结论一致,包括2012年的一项研究(Psychother Psychosom 2012;81:196–198)。该研究对1000多名澳大利亚女性的红肉消费进行评估,发现红肉摄入量与临床抑郁和焦虑症之间存在非常明显的U型关系,这项研究排除了素食主义者。其中红肉低消费群体(低于国家指南标准)和高消费群体诊断为抑郁症、心境障碍和焦虑症的可能性是其他人群的两倍。

Jacka博士指出,她是一名素食者,但随着这项研究的完成,她会开始改变自己的饮食习惯。“我认为自己在成长过程中可能铁缺乏,因为在上课时我时常犯困,而红肉实际上能提供丰富的锌和铁。但并非吃的越多越好,很可能过犹不及。”

这项研究结果或许对于和尚而言,并不是个好消息。

原始出处:
Joseph R. Hibbeln, Kate Northstone, et al. Vegetarian diets and depressive symptoms among men. J Affect Disord. Jan 2018.

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    2017-12-12 cmsvly
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    2017-12-11 chenwq08
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    2017-12-04 sunfeifeiyang

    0

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    2017-12-01 神功盖世

    学习

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    2017-12-01 sunfeifeiyang

    和尚与抑郁

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    2017-11-30 131****2916

    不错的文章值得推荐

    0

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