Diabetes :我国2型糖尿病遗传易感基因研究重大进展

2012-09-14 申静 上海生命科学研究院

       近日,由中科院上海生命科学院营养所林旭研究员主持的科技部863计划重点项目课题“中国汉族人群2型糖尿病全基因组关联研究”取得重大进展,该研究结果发表于9月6日国际糖尿病研究领域权威杂志Diabetes《糖尿病学》。     这项研究是迄今为止在中国汉族人群中所开展的最大规模的2型糖尿病全基因组关联研究

   
   近日,由中科院上海生命科学院营养所林旭研究员主持的科技部863计划重点项目课题“中国汉族人群2型糖尿病全基因组关联研究”取得重大进展,该研究结果发表于9月6日国际糖尿病研究领域权威杂志Diabetes《糖尿病学》。

    这项研究是迄今为止在中国汉族人群中所开展的最大规模的2型糖尿病全基因组关联研究,研究样本达到4万3千多人。合作单位包括:中科院系统生物学重点实验室、北京大学人民医院、复旦大学附属华山医院、中国医学科学院基础医学研究所、中南大学、华中科技大学、上海交通大学附属第六人民医院和卫生部北京老年医学研究所。该项目相关研究结果还在亚洲(AGEN- T2D)和欧洲(DIAGRAM)两个最大的全基因组关联研究合作联盟的人群数据中进行了验证。

    目前,已经报道的2型糖尿病基因易感位点有近60个,但是绝大多数都是在欧美和其他亚洲人群中发现的。我国近三十年来2型糖尿病的患病率逐年快速增加,现有研究表明包括中国汉族人群在内的东亚人群对2型糖尿病的易感性显着高于西方人群,但是其遗传学基础尚不清楚。

    在本项目中,林旭研究团队发现:1)在已报道的58个2型糖尿病基因易感位点中,有52个位点与2型糖尿病的关联关系与本研究结果是一致的,其中的23个位点被本研究证实为中国汉族人群的2型糖尿病基因易感位点;2)首次发现了两个新的2型糖尿病基因易感位点RASGRP1-rs7403531和G蛋白偶联受体激酶5 (GRK5)-rs10886471(图1),而且后者为东亚人群所特有。

    这两个基因易感位点所在基因区域的遗传结构在中国汉族人群和欧美人群之间存在着显着的差异(图2)。RASGRP1-rs7403531位点的危险等位基因还分别与糖化血红蛋白水平的升高和β细胞功能指数(HOMA-B)的降低有显着的关联关系;而GRK5-rs10886471位点的危险等位基因则分别与血浆胰岛素水平升高和胰岛素敏感指数(HOMA-S)的降低有着显着的关联关系。提示这两个位点可能是分别通过损伤β细胞的功能和降低胰岛素的敏感性来增加2型糖尿病发病风险的。

    进一步研究还发现2型糖尿病患者外周血液中GRK5基因的mRNA水平显着高于非糖尿病正常对照,而且携带GRK5-rs10886471危险等位基因的个体的GRK5-mRNA水平也要显着高于不携带该等位基因的个体。提示GRK5-rs10886471的危险等位基因可能通过改变GRK5基因的转录水平进而影响2型糖尿病发病风险。

    这些研究成果不仅为解析与2型糖尿病易感性相关的致病基因的结构、基因功能和生物学机理、种族间的差异奠定了坚实的基础;而且该项目所建立的人群数据库和生物样本库也将为揭示调控致病基因的主要营养和其它环境因素,发展和建立对高危个体的预测模型提供了研究平台。

    本项目的完成对建立符合中国人特点的2型糖尿病的早期风险评估体系和个体化干预策略,推动我国在该领域的研究进入国际前沿,具有重要意义。

    

链接:

Li H, Gan W, Lu L, Dong X, Han X, Hu C, Yang Z, Sun L, Bao W, Li P, He M, Sun L, Wang Y, Zhu J, Ning Q, Tang Y, Zhang R, Wen J, Wang D, Zhu X, Guo K, Zuo X, Guo X, Yang H, Zhou X; DIAGRAM Consortium; AGEN-T2D Consortium, Zhang X, Qi L, Loos RJ, Hu FB, Wu T, Liu Y, Liu L, Yang Z, Hu R, Jia W, Ji L, Li Y, Lin X.A Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies GRK5 and RASGRP1 as Type 2 Diabetes Loci in Chinese Hans. Diabetes. 2012 Sep 6

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    瑞典歌德堡大学萨尔格学院的Lena M.S. Carlsson博士及其同事报告称,在一项纳入了3,000多例肥胖成年患者的前瞻性病例对照研究中,与常规方案相比,减肥手术后15年内2型糖尿病的发生率降低了78%。对于基线时空腹血糖受损的肥胖患者,减肥手术的作用更加显着,可使2型糖尿病风险降低87%。     瑞典肥胖者(SOS)试

2型糖尿病者肥胖的内科治疗

  我国糖尿病患者,以2型糖尿病为主,约占93.7%。我国2型糖尿病患者的平均BMI在24 kg/m2左右,而白种人糖尿病患者的平均BMI多超过30 kg/m2。与此对应的是,我国2型糖尿病患者的胰岛功能可能更差、更易出现β细胞功能衰竭,故其更须控制体重。   在肥胖人群中,糖尿病的患病率显著增加,为正常人群的5倍以上。其中,腹型肥胖患者与均匀型肥胖患者相比,前者更易患糖尿病

IJCP:linagliptin长期治疗2型糖尿病安全有效

一项针对2型糖尿病药物的扩展研究证实,不管是其本身还是在与选定的其他糖尿病口服药物合用时,口服DPP-4抑制剂linagliptin在102周的随访期内对降低血糖水平是安全而有效的。 这项涉及32个国家的研究,发表在 International Journal of Clinical Practice(IJCP)杂志八月刊上。研究纳入了2121名患者,均为之前参加过为期24周的随机、双

BMJ:过度降血压增加2型糖尿病患者死亡率

   英国研究人员发现,严格控制血压并不能使新诊断的2型糖尿病患者生存受益,血压水平过低甚至可能增加其死亡风险。该研究结果发表于《英国医学杂志》(British Medical Journal)。     研究人员表示,虽然没有直接的因果关系可以暗示这些联系,但本次研究的结果表明,“越低越好”的方法可能并不适用于血压控制超过临界水平的高风险患者。

Diabetes Care:HbA1c筛查2型糖尿病风险

   美国学者的一项研究表明,HbA1c分类处于糖尿病前期的超重/肥胖青少年出现相对于胰岛素敏感性的β细胞功能受损。在大规模流行病学观测和(或)干预研究中,HbA1c可用作评估2型糖尿病风险进展或好转的筛查工具。论文于2012年8月21日在线发表于《糖尿病护理》(Diabetes Care)杂志。    此项研究共纳入160例糖尿病前期(HbA1c 5.7%~6.5%)和44例HbA1c正常(&