丘疹紫癜性手套和短袜样综合征1 例

2019-08-21 王丽 曹瑞祥 李昕 中国皮肤性病学杂志

患者女, 17 岁,发热3 d,手、足及小腿起红色皮 疹2 d。患者 3 d 前无明显诱因出现发热,伴畏寒, 峰值达39. 0 ℃,给予“布洛芬混悬液”口服,体温有 所下降。2 d 前患者发现手、足及小腿出现鲜红色 红斑、小丘疹、瘀点,伴瘙痒,皮疹渐增多,局部融合 成片。门诊以“中毒性红斑?”收住本科。自发病以 来,患者神志清,精神可,食欲、睡眠和大小便均正 常。患者平素体健,否认家族中有类似疾病

1 临床资料

患者女, 17 岁,发热3 d,手、足及小腿起红色皮 疹2 d。患者 3 d 前无明显诱因出现发热,伴畏寒, 峰值达39. 0 ℃,给予“布洛芬混悬液”口服,体温有 所下降。2 d 前患者发现手、足及小腿出现鲜红色 红斑、小丘疹、瘀点,伴瘙痒,皮疹渐增多,局部融合 成片。门诊以“中毒性红斑?”收住本科。自发病以 来,患者神志清,精神可,食欲、睡眠和大小便均正 常。患者平素体健,否认家族中有类似疾病患者。 体检: T 38. 0 ℃,其余各系统检查未见明显异常。 皮肤科情况:手足部皮肤可见轻度水肿性红斑,其间 杂以针尖大小红色丘疹和瘀点,局部融合成片,足部 皮疹较手部明显,皮疹分布呈手套和短袜状;双小腿也可见少量、散在小丘疹和瘀点,但掌跖部未见皮疹 ( 图1) ;口腔软腭见数个点状红色丘疹。实验室检 查: 血常规 WBC 5. 4 × 109 /L,单核细胞 0. 62 × 109 /L[( 0. 1 ~ 0. 6) × 109 /L],单核细胞百分百 11. 4%( 3% ~ 10%) ; 肝功能 ALT 64 U/L, AST 60 U/L; CRP 158. 29 mg/L; 微小病毒 B19 IgM 抗体阳 性,但IgG 抗体阴性。腹部超声和胸部CT 均未见异 常。诊断:丘疹紫癜性手套和短袜样综合征。遂给 予阿糖腺苷0. 2 静滴, 2 次/d;口服氯雷他定10 mg, 1 次/d,外用糠酸莫米松, 1 次/d,当天体温降至正 常, 4 d 后皮损消退,局部仅遗留色素沉着( 图2) 。


图 1 患者治疗前皮损;图 2 患者治疗4 d 后皮损

2 讨论

丘疹紫癜性手套和短袜样综合征是一种罕见的、主要由微小病毒 B19 感染所致的疾病,以手足 部瘙痒性丘疹、瘀点和水肿为特征。Harms 等[1]于 1990 年首次报道本病,国外文献少见报道,国内文 献迄今尚未见报告。1991 年 Bagot 和 Revuz[2]报道 1 例丘疹紫癜性手套和短袜样综合征患者伴原发性 微小病毒 B19 感染。后发现该病多数病例由微小 病毒 B19 感染所致,少数病例则与水痘带状疱疹病 毒、 EB 病毒、巨细胞病毒、疱疹病毒 6/7、柯萨奇病 毒、乙肝病毒、风疹病毒等感染相关[34],新近发现 支原体感染也可致本病[5]。此外, van Rooijen 等[6] 报道复方新诺明可引起丘疹紫癜性手套短袜样综合 征样皮疹,故诊断本病需询问患者的用药史。本病 好发于青年人,无性别差异。本病好发的季节是冬 末和春季,潜伏期6 ~18 d,发疹前有前驱症状, 2 ~ 4 d后发疹,病程1 ~2 周。前驱症状轻重不一,包括 发热、关节痛、肌痛、厌食、淋巴结肿大、呼吸道及肠 道症状。皮疹好发于手足部,双侧对称,皮疹常波及 手腕和足踝,呈手套、袜套状。初发皮疹是双手足手 套、袜套状水肿性红斑,典型皮疹是散在或融合的斑 丘疹、瘀点;罕见皮疹可表现为水疱[7]、血疱[8]。皮 疹的自觉症状包括瘙痒、疼痛。除了皮疹外,本病还 累及口腔黏膜。患者可出现短暂、轻度的贫血、白细 胞和中性粒细胞减少、嗜酸粒细胞和单核细胞增多、 血小板减少、肝酶升高;微小病毒 B19 IgM 抗体于感 染10 ~13 d 开始呈阳性, 1 个月后阳性率下降,也可 持续3 ~4 个月, IgG 抗体于感染 9 ~ 36 d 开始呈阳 性[910] 。组织病理改变呈非特异性,部分病例可见 血管炎改变[7]。本病诊断主要依赖于典型皮疹的 分布和形态,血清学检测有助于确诊,微小病毒 B19 IgM 抗体阳性较 IgG 抗体更有意义。本例患者有发 热和手套短袜状分布的皮疹以及微小病毒 B19 IgM抗体阳性,因而确诊。本病主要与如下疾病相鉴别, 如 Gianotti-Crosti 综合征、手足口病、多形红斑、过敏 性紫癜、川崎病和脑膜炎球菌性脓毒血症等。因为 本病具有自限性,主要是对症治疗。 本病在国内报道较少,除了本病临床少见之外, 可能也和对本病的临床特征认识不够相关,故建议 更多的同道提高对本病的关注。

参考文献略。

原始出处:

王丽,曹瑞祥,李昕,张阳等,丘疹紫癜性手套和短袜样综合征1 例[J],中国皮肤性病学杂志,2019,33(7):814-816.

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