BMJ子刊:胎龄小于26周的新生儿机械通气拔管成功的预测因素

2022-08-20 liangying MedSci原创

大多数胎龄(GA)小于26周的极早产(EP)婴儿需要接受机械通气(MV)。

大多数胎龄(GA)小于26周的极早产(EP)婴儿需要接受机械通气(MV)。虽然MV可以挽救生命,但呼吸机引起的肺损伤增加了慢性呼吸系统疾病的风险。因此,临床医生努力争取尽快拔管。然而,拔管失败很常见,原因与MV持续时间延长、住院时间延长以及医院感染和死亡风险增加有关。

EP婴儿理想拔管时机的临床评估是复杂的,包括确定最佳拔管前、拔管中和拔管后管理。因此,有必要开展有助于预测EP婴儿成功拔管的研究,本研究的目的是调查极早产(EP)婴儿的首次拔管尝试,并探讨可能提高拔管准备的临床判断质量的因素。

本研究为2013年1月1日至2018年12月31日期间在挪威进行,探索了26周胎龄(GA)前出生的EP婴儿的首次拔管尝试。通过挪威新生儿网络数据库确定了符合条件的婴儿。主要结果是成功拔管,定义为拔管后72小时内未再次插管。

在482名合格婴儿中,确定了316名首次拔管尝试的婴儿。总体而言,173名(55%)婴儿成功拔管,而143名(45%)婴儿第一次拔管失败。共有261名(83%)婴儿从常规通气(CV)拔管,55名(17%)婴儿从高频振荡通气(HFOV)拔管。从CV拔管时,拔管前吸入氧气的分数(FiO2)≤0.35、较高的Apgar评分、较高的GA、女性性别和较高的产后年龄是成功拔管的重要预测因素。从HFOV拔管时,拔管前的FiO2水平≤0.35是成功拔管的相关预测因子。

婴儿从常规通气(CV)和婴儿从HFOV拔管成功的标志

总之,正确的拔管时机对EP患儿非常重要。在这个国家队列研究中,55%的首次拔管尝试是成功的。当临床医生第一次给EP婴儿拔管时,额外注意氧气需求、性别和出生时的一般情况可能会进一步增加拔管成功率。

参考文献:

Ohnstad MOStensvold HJPripp AH On behalf of the Norwegian Neonatal Network, et al Predictors of extubation success: a population-based study of neonates below a gestational age of 26 weeks

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    2022-12-24 gaoxiaoe
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    2022-08-26 1016112524

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    2022-08-21 steven_u4

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